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Transcript
The Renaissance 1300-1500 Chapter 17 Sections 1 & 2 Today’s Goal Essential Question(s) What were the characteristics that led to the emergence of the Renaissance? End of Middle Ages • Europe suffered from war & plague • People began to question institutions & religion • Breakdown of feudalism • Writers & artists began to express new spirit & experiment w/new styles Beginnings of the Renaissance • Renaissance = rebirth or revival of art & learning 1. Thriving city-states • Plague brought economic changes – merchants began to pursue other interests Italian City-States: The Five Powers • Naples, Papal States, Milan, Florence, Venice • No central gov’t • Competing city-states Florence Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence • Center of Renaissance culture • One of wealthiest cities • Republic, but basically ruled by the Medici family Palazzo Vecchio 2. Merchants & the Medici • Wealthy middle class emerged which dominated politics & stressed individual achievement • Powerful banking family, the Medici • Cosimo de Medici – won control of Florence’s gov’t • Lorenzo de Medici (“the Magnificent”) came to power in 1469 3. Classical heritage of Greece & Rome • Drew inspiration from ruins of Rome • Studied ancient Latin & Greek literature Study of classics led to Humanism • Humanism focuses on human potential & achievements • Studied classics such as history, literature, & philosophy – today known as the “humanities” Classical & Worldly Values • Humanists suggested one could enjoy life without offending God • Society was secular (worldly, not based on religious themes) Patrons of the Arts • Patrons = financially supported artists • Wealthy used arts to demonstrate own importance • Church leaders spent money on art Renaissance Man • Known as “universal man” • Excels in many fields: the classics, art, politics, combat • Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier (1528) Castiglione Renaissance Woman • Upper-class women should know classics & be charming • Inspire but not create art • Little role in politics Isabella d’Este Answer/Summary of Essential Question • What were the characteristics that led to the emergence of a Renaissance? Today’s Goal You will be able to… • Explain how the Renaissance served as the catapult that led to Europe’s progress (and its eventual surpassing of the East). – Through its literature! Renaissance writers change literature • Wrote either for self-expression or to portray individuality of subjects • Francesco Petrarch – father of Renaissance humanism – Sonnets to Laura “True, we love life, not because we are used to living, but because we are used to loving. There is always some madness in love, but there is also always some reason in madness.” Renaissance writers change literature • Giovanni Boccaccio – Composed the Decameron, a series of stories that discuss realistic, tragic, and comic views of life “Do as we say, and not as we do.” “People tend to believe the bad rather than the good” Christian Humanism • • • Criticized Church’s failure to inspire people to live Christian lives Focused on reform of society Promoted education (Of women too!) Christian Humanists: Desiderius Erasmus • The Praise of Folly – Poked fun at merchants, lovers, scholars, & priests – Christianity was not about rules and ceremony – Believed in study of the Bible Women’s Reforms: Christine de Pizan Christian Humanists: Sir Thomas More • Utopia “no place” (Greek), “ideal place” (English) – Imaginary world with no greed, corruption or war The Elizabethan Age (Queen Elizabeth I) • William Shakespeare - Great playwright in London - Wrote poems & plays to be performed at Globe Theater - Inspired by the classics - Works examined the soul as well as human nature & flaws Gutenberg’s Printing Press • • • • Chinese block printing – slow & meticulous 1440 - Johann Gutenberg of Germany invented printing press Produced books quickly & cheaply – many people could afford copies Greatly spread Renaissance ideas Legacy of the Renaissance Changes in the arts • Techniques of classical Greece & Rome • Realistic portrayal of people & nature • Both secular & religious • Vernacular language • Praised individual achievement Changes in Society • • • • • Info became cheap & available Increased desire for learning & literacy Published new discoveries & legal proceedings Humanists reformed society People began to question political structures & religious practices