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Cell specialization
• What TWO different things can the stem cell
do?
1. Self-renewal
2. Differentiation
Why self-renew AND differentiate?
1 stem cell
4 specialized cells
Self renewal – makes sure
stem cells don’t run out
Differentiation - replaces dead or damaged
cells throughout your life
• What happens when you run out of stem
cells? What do you think would happen if your
body ran out of blood stem cells?
You stop replenishing the damaged and dead cells in
your body.
Where can I find Stem cells?
Adult Stem Cells
Cells
Embryonic Stem
Embryonic Stem Cells
embryonic stem cells
blastocyst - a very early embryo
around 100-150 cells
Tissue stem cells
fetus, baby and all your life
Blood stem cells: A type of tissue stem cell
blood stem cell
found in
bone marrow
differentiation
white blood
cells
red
blood
cells
How long do you think a red blood cell lives ?
How hard are they working?
If you lined up all the red
blood cells from your body,
how far would they stretch?
Nearly 4 times around the earth’s
equator
Making red blood cells
We counted to 20 in…
2 seconds
3 seconds
4 seconds
5 seconds
6 seconds
To make 2 million red blood
cells it takes your body…
To count to 2 million
it would take…
2 days
3 days
5 days
6 days
7 days
1 second!
Stem cells in plants
Meristematic cells: Undifferentiated plant tissue from which
new cells are formed. They are found at the tip of a stem or
roots.
Specialized Cells
Shape of the cell contributes to its function
-
Cell of epidermis (skin cells): flat for good protection
-
Neurons (nerve cells): elongated for conducting messages throughout
your body
-
Red blood cells: are suspended in your plasma to form a liquid tissue
that transports oxygen throughout your body
Cell specialization lab
- looking at how the shape of the cell contributes to its
function
- you will look at these specialized cells under the
microscope
- you will need to draw 4 different ones
- name the cell
- name the function
- where is it located in your body
Review Activities
Workbook: page 20-23