Download NOTES Organization and Body SystemsKD11

Organization &
Body Systems
Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy
Chapter 1.1
Anatomy & Physiology
►The
study of
the human body
►Anatomy is
concerned with
the structure of
a part
►Physiology
is
concerned
with the
function of
the part
Levels of Organization
►Body
is organized into levels from
most simple to most complex
Atoms
►Most
simple
►Compose all
substances
►Chemicals
elements
Molecules
►Atoms
joined
together form
molecules
►Example:
amino acids
Macromolecules
►Molecules
joined
together form
macromolecules
►Example: protein
Organelles
► Tiny
structures
found in cells that
perform cellular
functions
► Example:
mitochondria –
supplies cell with
energy
Cells
►Macromolecules
found in all cells
►Basic unit of all living things
Tissue
►Composed
of similar types of cells and
performs a specific function
►Example: blood, muscle, fat
Organs
►Groups
of
tissues working
together to
perform a
specific
function
►Example: heart,
stomach
Organ System
►Groups
of organs
that perform a
particular function
►Example: digestive
system: supply body
with the nutrients
needed for growth
and repair
Organism
► All
the body systems
make up an organism
► Unicellular organism:
made up of one cell
►Example: amoeba
► Multicellular organism:
made up of many cells
►Example: gorillas
Review
1.
________ is concerned with the
structure or an organ or part,
while ________ is concerned with
the function.
ANSWER: Anatomy, Physiology
2.
___________ are groups of tissues
working together to perform a
specific function.
Answer: Organs
3. ______________ organisms are made
up of many cells, while ___________
organisms are made up of one cell.
►ANSWER:
multicellular, unicellular
4. Basic unit of all living things are
called ________.
ANSWER: cells
Homeostasis
► Homeostasis
is the relative constancy
of the body’s internal environment
► Even
when external conditions change,
the body’s internal condition stays
within a narrow range
► All
systems of the body contribute
toward maintaining homeostasis
► If
the body’s internal conditions
changes greatly, illness results
►2
types of homeostasis mechanisms:
 Negative feedback – returns a variable back
to a the set point
► Positive
feedback – mechanism that
brings about an ever greater change in the
same direction
► Example: Childbirth
Introduction
► Organs
in the body
work together in
systems
► 11 organ systems in
the body
► Organ systems can
be divided into 4
categories based
on function
Body
Systems
Support,
Movement,
& Protection
Integration &
Coordination
Maintenance
of the Body
Reproduction &
Development
Support, Movement, &
Protection
► Integumentary
System:
 Organs: skin and
accessory organs (hair &
nails)
 Function: protects tissue,
regulate body
temperature & contains
sense organs
► Skeletal
System
 Organs: bones,
cartilage, & ligaments
 Function: protects
body parts, produce
blood cells, stores
calcium &
phosphorus salts
► Muscular
System
 Organs: skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth
muscles
 Function: move
voluntarily, respond
to stimuli, produce
body heat
Integration & Coordination
► Nervous
System
 Organs: brain, spinal
cord & nerves
 Function: conducts
nerve impulses from
the sense organs to
the brain and then
to the muscles and
gland
► Endocrine
System:
 Organs:
Hypothalamus,
pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenals,
pancreas, ovaries,
testes
 Function: secretes
chemicals that are
messengers between
body part, maintain
proper functioning of
reproductive system
Maintenance of Body
► Circulatory
(Cardiovascular)
system:
 Organs: Heart, blood
vessels, blood
 Function: transports
nutrients and oxygen
to cells through blood,
removes wastes
► Immune
(Lymphatic) System:
 Organs: Lymph
nodes, thymus,
spleen
 Function: protects
body from disease
► Respiratory
System:
 Organs: Nose,
pharynx, larynx,
trachea, lungs
 Function: bring
oxygen into
lungs and take
carbon dioxide
out of the lungs
► Digestive
System:
 Organs: mouth,
pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach, small &
large intestine,
rectum
 Function: receive
food and digest
into nutrient
molecules
► Urinary
System:
 Organs: kidneys and
urinary bladder
 Function: gets rid of
nitrogenous wastes,
helps regulate fluid
level and chemical
content of the
blood
Reproduction & Development
► Reproductive
System:
 Organs:
Male: testes,
epididymis, vas
deferens,
urethra, penis
Female: ovaries,
Fallopian tubes,
vagina, uterus
 Function: produce
sex cells, nourish
and protect fetus
(female)