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Islam
Time Line of Islam
570 AD: Mohammed is born in Mecca, Arabia
610 AD: Mohammed Begins public preaching that Allah is only God
622 AD: Mohammed is forced to flee to Medina by Mecca’s leaders
624 AD: Mohammed defeats his enemies at battle of Al-Badr
630 AD: Mohammed captures Mecca and makes it the Center or Islam
632 AD: Death of Mohammed Abu Bakr takes over as Caliph
637 AD: Arab-Islamic expansion begins. Arabs overrun Syria and Iraq
638 AD: Capture Jerusalem; begin building Dome of the rock second most Holy masque of
Islam
639-642 AD: Arabs defeat the Byzantine Fleet and occupy Egypt.
642 AD: Arabs conquer Persia. Persians adopt the Shi-ite Branch of Islam
661-750 AD: The Islamic Omayyad Dynasty rules all of Islam from Damascus, Syria.
698-700: Arabs conquer Tunisia and ALL of North Africa becomes Islamic
700 AD: Arab merchants and traders develop a vast trading Empire stretching from West
Africa to North West India starts growth of African Kingdom
700-1200 AD: Kingdom of Ghana, first West African Empire rich on Gold.
750-1258 AD: Abbasid Dynasty rules Islam from Baghdad, Iraq the Golden Age of Islam
begins.
786-809 AD: Reign of Caliph Harun of Al Rashid of 1001Arabian Nights Fame Stories.
800 AD: Three small Independent Arab Kingdoms start in North Africa
800-1800 AD: Kingdom of Kenem-Bornu: The Trade Empire of West Africa
868-905 AD: The Tulunid Dynasty rules Islam in Egypt and Syria
902-1004 AD: The Samanid Dynasty rules Persia-Iran
909-972 AD: The Fatamid Dynasty rules Arab Kingdoms of North Africa they conquer and
rule Egypt from 969-1171AD
1030 AD: Seljuk Turks conquer Asia Minor. 1055 AD Baghdad, 1076 AD Syria
1096-1099 AD: First Crusade to take Jerusalem from Islam-Succeds
The Rise of Islam
Today 1 Billion people are followers if Islam
50 % of the world’s population in either Christian or Islam founded by Mohammad 570-632
AD. He was born in Mecca in Arabia, was a religious reformer he condemned worship of
Idols and materialism Polythesim forced to flee to Medina in 622 AD where people accepted
his teachings: 622 AD is first year Muslim Calendar.
2. Beliefs of Islam (Five Pillars)
 There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is the greatest and Final prophet.
 Praying Daily five specific times
 Giving Alms (money) to the poor
 Fasting during Daylight hours of Ramadan (Holy Month)
 Making at least 1 trip (Pilgrimage) to Mecca
Moslem who die in battle or are killed for the Islamic faith will go to Heaven (paradise)
Koran: Teachings of Mohammad and Gods revelations of truth to the prophet.
The spread of Islam: 700-800 AD
Northward: Muslim’s captured Syria and Palestine
Eastward: Mesopotamia, Persia, Northwest India
Westward: Egypt all of North Africa, most of Spain.
Moslem Contributions to Civilization:
1. Education: Moslems founded great universities in Cairo Egypt, Baghdad, Iraq, and
Cordova Spain. They taught Islamic culture, and preserved Greek-Roman Culture
2. Math: Developed Algebra and Geometry Moslems introduced Arabic numerals (from
India). Furthered the study of Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry.
3. Physical Science: Developed and improved Chemical Compounds such as Sulfuric
Acid, alcohol, improved metal refining, and dyeing of cloth. Gained new knowledge
about light and vision. Developed curved glass lens.
4. Medicine: Moslems used Anesthetics (drugs that ease pain) performed difficult
surgery and wrote medical textbooks.
5. Agriculture: Moslems improved farming methods by rotating crops and using
fertilizer.
6. Industry: Moslems produced Cordovan (Spain) Leather. (SyriaToledo, Spain)
Damascus steel (especially swords) smooth paper and rugs
7.Navigation: Moslems used a Mariner’s compass (from China) to determine direction at
sea. Knew the world was round.
8. Literature: Moslems esteemed books and learning. Built extensive libraries, 1001
Arabian Nights.
9. Language: Moslems spread the Arabic language and unified the Islamic World.
10. Arabic words:Alcohol, Algebra, Cipher, Coffee, Cotton, Sof
11. Architecture: Moslem designed beautiful mosques and places rounded Domes.
Minarets-Arabesques