Download Unit 4 Evolution Study Guide (TEST WEDNESDAY MARCH 16, 2016)

Unit 4 Evolution Study Guide (TEST WEDNESDAY MARCH 16, 2016)
5a. Trace the history of the theory.
1. What did Charles Darwin observe in the Galapagos Islands?
Galapagos finches, Glapagos tortoises, Galapagos land iguanas and Galapagos tree cactus
2. What specific information about Finches did Darwin observe in the Galapagos Islands?
Darwin observed that finches in the Galapagos Islands had different beaks that finches in South America.
These adaptations equipped the birds to acquire specific food sources.
3. What is the theory of evolution and how has it changed over time?
Biological evolution is genetic change in a population from one generation to another. The
speed and direction of change is variable with different species lines and at different
times.
The evidence for evolution has primarily come from four sources:
1.
2.
3.
4.
the fossil record of change in earlier species
the chemical and anatomical similarities of related life forms
the geographic distribution of related species
the recorded genetic changes in living organisms over many generations
4. Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution based on observations of
nature. Which observation that contributed to his theory is illustrated by this
population of beetles?
A. Environmental resources are limited.
B. Populations remain
stable over time.
C. Individuals within a population may vary widely.
D. Species produce more
offspring than can
survive.
5b. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution.
6. What is a common ancestor?
the most recent ancestral form or species from which two different speciesevolved
7. What conclusion can be drawn if 99% of the information in organism A’s DNA is shared by organism B’s
DNA?
They share a common ancestor
8. What is biodiversity?
A term that describes the number of different species that live within a particular ecosystem
9. Which is the greatest threat to biodiversity?
A. hunting and fishing without a license
C. growing flowers and vegetables in a home garden
B. introducing non-native species into a habitat
D. increasing the amount of land set aside for
conservation
10. What evidence supports common ancestry?
Molecular genetic sequence
11. Which is a conclusion drawn from the observed DNA similarities found between apes and chimpanzees?
A. Apes and chimpanzees are in the same genus.
B. Apes and chimpanzees are in the same species.
C. Apes and chimpanzees are products of artificial selection.
D. Apes and chimpanzees are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor.
5c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory.
12. What is a fossil record?
The totality of fossilized artifacts and their placement within the earth's rock strata. It provides information about the history of life on
earth, for instance what the organisms look like, where and when they live, how they evolved, etc.
13. What does it tell about the relationships between the organisms found in each layer?
It tells the relative time period the organisms lived.
14. What does each layer of rock that contains fossil records tell us about the history of an area?
Which species of organisms were dominant during that particular rock layers time period.
15. What methods for studying organisms could least likely be accomplished by studying the fossil record?
The exact age of the fossils, determining exactly how the organisms look, and the type of habitat each species
required for survival.
16. What does radiocarbon dating technique show about the way organisms evolved? It shows the relative
time period where plants and animals evolved spanning hundreds of millions of years.
17. Fossils help scientists classify extinct species and determine their relationships to current species.
Fossils provide the most information about extinct species'
A. habitats
B. structures
C. metabolism
D. reproduction
5d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
18. What is natural selection? The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to
survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is
now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
19. What are the requirements for natural selection? To be able to adapt to their surrounding long enough to
survive and reproduce, must have variety of traits in each species.
20. What does natural selection lead to? Organisms better suited to their environment that has the best
chances to survive and reproduce.
21. Identify reasons some populations survive and others do not. Because some organisms are able to adapt
quicker to their environment and reproduce will the other organisms are not able to adapt to their
environment leading to their extinction.
22. How does the presence of a beneficial gene or adaptation affect future populations of organisms? The
presence of a beneficial gene helps organisms have the natural or genetic ability to avoid or repel attack by
biotic (pathogens & parasites) and abiotic agents (chemicals & pesticides)
23. European rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859. The rabbits reproduced rapidly in their new habitat,
displaced other animals, and overgrazed vegetation. In an attempt to reduce the rabbit population, a virus was
introduced in 1951. This virus is usually deadly to European rabbits. When the virus was first introduced, the
rabbits died in large numbers, but the death rate decreased over time. Which of the following best explains the
decrease in the rabbit death rate?
A. Young rabbits learned to avoid being infected with this virus.
B. Natural selection favored rabbits that are resistant to this virus.
C. The lifespan of this virus is too short to affect rabbits over a long period of time.
D. The rabbits that were originally infected with this virus have been dead for many years.
5e. Recognize the role of evolution to biological resistance (pesticide and antibiotic resistance).
24. What is biological resistance?
The natural or genetic ability of an organism to avoid or repel attack by biotic (pathogens & parasites) and
abiotic agents (chemicals & pesticides)
25. How has natural selection led to biological resistance in organisms?
Because organisms build up resistance to abiotic or biotic agents and pass the traits down to their offspring.
26. When penicillin was first introduced, it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause
gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which statement best
explains the appearance of these resistant varieties?
A. Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens in the resistant bacteria.
B. Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penicillin used when it was first introduced.
C. Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, while naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced.
D. Penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and this resistance was passed to the offspring.