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Chapter 16/17/19Test Review
Evolution
PLEASE SEE BOTTOM FOR ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS!
Question
1. 10% of a population are blue-eyed (a recessive
trait). Use the H-W law to determine what percent
of the population is heterozygous for not having blue
eyes).
2. What does natural selection directly work on?
3. If 90% of a population has a widow’s peak (dominant
trait), what percent of the population will show the
recessive trait? Be heterozygous for the trait?
4. What is a polygenic trait?
5. What 5 scientists influenced Darwin’s theory of
evolution?
6. What are 5 pieces of evidence for evolution?
7. What are the three modes of selection?
8. What are two general examples of genetic drift?
9. What are three sources of genetic variation?
10. What five conditions must be met for the HardyWeinberg Law?
11. What good ideas did Lamarck have about evolution?
12. What incorrect ideas did Lamarck have about
evolution?
13. What is meant by common descent?
14. What is the definition of natural selection?
15. What is the most probable reason for genetic drift
to occur?
16. What is the term that describes the formation of a
new species?
17. What must be present in a population in order for
natural selection to occur?
Answer
44%
phenotypes
10% (ww)
44% (Ww)
Trait controlled by 2+genes, have many
phenotypes (height in humans)
Lamarck, Lyell, Hutton, Malthus, &
Wallace (HOW?)
Fossils, embryology, comparative
anatomy (homologous structures &
vestigial organs), biochemistry,
biogeography
Stabilizing, directional, disruptive
Bottleneck effect & founder effect
Mutations, genetic recombination during
sexual reproduction (crossing over, ind
assortment), and lateral gene transfer
No mutations, large populations,
random mating, no migration, no natural
selection
Livings things change over time
Acquired traits are passed on to
offspring/use and disuse – body
structures can change according to the
actions of the organism
Share a common ancestor and
therefore share a number of inherited
characteristics
Individuals whose characteristics are
well-suited to their environment survive
and reproduce better than those not
well-suited to their environment
Population is small
Speciation
Variation (genetic), overproduction,
struggle for existence
18. What is temporal isolation?
19. The genes carried by all members of a particular
population make up the populations?
20. What ship did Darwin sail on?
21. What term describes characteristics or behaviors
that enable an organism to survive better and
reproduce more in its environment?
22. What theory of speciation says that evolutionary
change has long stable periods interrupted by brief
periods of rapid change?
23. What theory of speciation says that evolutionary
change is slow and steady?
24. What 3 factors can lead to reproductive isolation?
25. What was Hutton’s and Lyell’s contribution to
Darwin’s theory?
26. What was the most famous place Darwin visited?
27. When one species gives rise to several species –
which type of speciation is this? (like in Darwin’s
finches)
28. Which mode of selection did the peppered moths in
England exhibit?
29. Which mode of selection has individuals with the
average form of the trait having the highest fitness?
30. In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool
change because of?
31. Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that are?
32. What is the founder effect?
33. What is genetic equilibrium?
34. What are the 5 conditions that must be met to
maintain HW Equilibrium?
35. What factor is necessary for speciation?
36. What are the 5 steps necessary for adaptative
radiation?
37. What is adaptative radiation?
38. What is the process by which 2 species evolve in
response to changes in each other?
39. Differentiate between divergent and convergent
evolution?
Reproduction occurring at different
times of the year or day
Gene Pool
HMS Beagle
Fitness
Punctuated equilibrium
Gradualism
Geographic barriers, behavioraldifferences in mating behaviors, and
temporal
The earth was old enough for evolution
to have occurred
Galapagos Islands
Adaptive radiation
Directional
Stabilizing
Chance
Small
GD that results from the colonization
of a small group of people
Situation in which allele frequencies in
the gene pool of a population remain
constant
1. no immigration/emigration, 2. no
nat. selection, 3. no mutations, 4.
random mating, 5. large population
Reproductive isolation
17.3 #21
When one species gives rise to several
species
Coevolution
Convergent evo – process by which
unrelated organisms independently
evolve similarities when adapting to
similar environments
40. If a population is not in HW equilibrium what is
happening?
41. A SHARK and a dolphin are organisms that come
from a different evolutionary branch, yet live in a
similar environment, yet look similar – this is an
example of?
42. What is artificial selection?
Divergent evo/adaptative radiation –
process by which a single species or
small group of species evolves over a
relatively short period of time into
different forms that live in different
ways
Evolution
Convergent evolution
Selective breeding, choosing organisms
with desired traits to breed
Chapter 19 questions:
Where are fossils found and what can we learn by examining the fossil record?
Remains of bone, teeth, etc found in sedimentary rock, shows that most organisms
that ever lived on Earth are now extinct… not a complete record
What are the 2 main categories of MACROEVOLUTION?
Speciation and extinction
How have mass extinctions benefited surviving species?
Opportunity to occupy new niches or habitats
What must occur for a clade to survive?
Rate of speciation must be greater than or equal to the rate of extinction
Define and explain the theory of endosymbiosis.
Theory that large prokaryotic cells engulfed (ate) smaller prokaryotic cells. These cells
have a mutually beneficial relationship and over time, could not survive without one another
(symbiosis). Engulfed prokaryotes eventually gave rise to modern mitochondria and
chloroplasts
What evidence is there to support this theory?
Replicate independently of the cell and reproduce by BINARY FISSION
Have DNA and ribosomes similar to prokaryotes
Double membrane organelles