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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 1. The densest part of an atom is the ______________ and it has a _______________ charge. 2. The three subatomic particles are the _____________ with a ________ charge, the _____________ with a __________ charge, and the ________________ with a __________ charge. 3. The electrons travel outside the nucleus in a __________________. 4. An element is a pure substance containing only _________ atom and cannot be broken down by ______________ or _____________ means. 5. ________________________ discovered a pattern within the elements. They are arranged by ____________________ and the pattern is _______________. 6. Atomic number is: ___________________________________________________. 7. Atomic mass is: _____________________________________________________. 8. What happens to the atomic mass as you go left to right and up and down the Table? 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. In a neutral atom, the number of ____________= the number of ____________. The atomic mass is equal to the number of __________ and the number of ___________. An __________________ represents the area in an atom where an electron is likely to be found. Each energy levels can hold only a ____________ number of electrons. The smallest, innermost energy level can hold only ____________ electrons. The second energy level can hold up to ________ electrons. The third energy level can hold up to __________ electrons. The 4th & 5th can hold up to ___________ electrons. The 6th can hold up to ___________ electrons. Electrons tend to __________ the lowest available energy level. The number of ___________ in the outermost energy level determines the __________ behavior of the different elements. These outermost electrons are called one ________________________. Both sodium and potassium contain valence electron and are highly ___________ metals, which means that they combine ____________ with other elements. Their ______________ energy level has only one electron and it reacts ___________ with other elements. Elements such as helium (He), neon (Ne) and argon (Ar) are ____________, which means that they _________________ easily combine with other elements. This is because they have _______ outermost energy levels. Each ____________________ row of the table is called a _____________. Each row represents the number of ___________________________ present in an atom of the element. The columns are called _______________. The elements in a group have the same number of _______________ in their ______________ energy level. The Periodic Table can also be divided into three main types of Elements: _____________, _______________, and ________________. __________ are shiny and solid at __________ temperature. They have high _____________ and are ______________. They are further divided into the ______________, ____________________, and ____________________________families _______________ are not shiny and are mostly _____________ at room temperature. They are poor _________________, they are ________ and they will shatter easily (not ________________ or ______________. They are also called ________________________. 28. ___________________ have characteristics between metals and nonmetals. They are __________ at room temperature and they are _________________________. They are also called ________________________. 29. ______________ have 7 valence electrons, which explains why they are the most __________ nonmetals. They are __________ found free in nature. ___________ atoms only need to gain _____ electron to fill their outermost energy level. They react with _______ metals to form salts. 30. _________ Gases are colorless gases that are extremely ______________. One important property of the noble gases is their _____________. They are inactive because their outermost energy level is ___________. Because they do not readily combine with other elements to form compounds, the noble gases are called ______________. 31. The thirty ______________ elements are composed of the ____________ and _____________series. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are called _______________________, which means synthetic or ________________. 32. A _______________ is a substance that is made up of different elements. The atoms of the elements are joined together by _________________. Bonds are chemical connections between atoms. 33. There are two basic types of bonds: ____________________ and ______________________. The reason that bonds occur is that atoms “want” to have __________ outer electron shells. An atom gets a full outer shell by getting ____________ in one of the two types of _____________. 34. Sharing one of more electrons is one type of bonding called a _________________________. Example: water is formed when atoms of ___________ share their ____________ with an oxygen atom. 35. The second type of bonding is when some atoms give up electrons, creating an __________ bond. Example: salt is formed when the sodium ______________ its electron and the ____________ takes it. An atom like this that has lost or gained an electron is called an _________. We write a _____next to the element’s symbol if its atom has lost an electron and a ____ if it gains an electron. Opposites attract! The ____________ in the nucleus “miss” the “missing” ___________ and they stay close to it forming the _____________. 36. Atoms bonded ionically can sometimes form ______________. This is an atom that has the same number of ____________ as another atom, but has a different number of __________. REMEMBER…usually neutrons = protons, but not with isotopes. This can make them unstable and radioactive. 37. Atoms will often _____________________________ electrons with other atoms in order to have a complete set of ______________ in their outer __________________________. Elements whose atoms undergo such processes are called ____________ and can combine to form _________________. Since __________ [columns] are similar, because they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level, the ____________________ is also organized by degree of _____________________. 38. In general, _____________ located on the left of the Periodic Table are most _________ metals, least reactive metals in the ____________, and _____________ on the right. 39. ___________________ are combination of things where there are no chemical changes or bonds. ____________________ mixtures are ________mixed evenly and each component retains its __________________________. ____________________ mixtures are mixed ___________throughout. The ________________ are not easily _____________________. A ____________ is an evenly mixed mixture (liquid), such as salt water. Mixtures can be separated by _______________means.