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Rise of Islam SSWH5: The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600CE and 1300 CE a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Rise of Islam Main Idea Religious and ethical systems: Muhammad unified the Arab people both politically and through the religion of Islam Why it matters now As the world’s fastest-growing major religion, Islam has a strong impact on the lives of millions today. Muhammad Became a trader and business manager at 25. Angel Gabriel: Told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah. Convinced he was the last of the prophets. Taught Allah was the one and only God. Muslim: follower of Islam Islam:” submission to the will of Allah” The Hijrah Muhammad and followers migration to Medina. He was accepted as religious/political leader. 630, the prophet marched back to Mecca to take back the city. Entered the city in triumph Most Meccans pledged their loyalty to him and Allah. 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Faith: To become a Muslim has to testify that there in no God but Allah. 2. Prayer: 5 times a day, Muslims face toward Mecca (Sometimes at Mosque). 3. Alms: responsibility to support the less fortunate. 4. Fasting: During Ramadan fast between dawn and dusk. 5. Pilgrimage: Hajj= The pilgrimage to Mecca. Islamic Way of Life Carrying out 5 pillars of Islam ensures they follow religion in community. Forbidden to eat pork or drink intoxication beverages. Expected to worship Allah directly (no priests). Source of Authority Allah: expressed his will through the angel Gabriel. Qur’an: the Holy book of Muslims B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. Turn to page 264 in textbook. Trade goods Brought to Arabia: Spices Incense Perfumes Precious metals Ivory Silk Muslim Trade Network Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean Silk Roads of China and India connect with Europe and Africa. Banks in cities throughout the empire. Merchants carried not just goods but ideas from the world. c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Islam Spreads into three continents Muslim community faces issue of leadership which would eventually dived the Muslim world Sunni Muslims: Those who did not resist the Umayyadas. Shia Muslims: Caliph needed to be descendent of the prophet. Muhammad’s Successors Abu-Bakr: Became the first caliph(successor). Encouraged and justified the expansion of Islam. Umar: Second caliph Muslim armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt. Ali/Uthman: Next two caliphs By the end of their rule Muslim Empire stretched 6000 miles from Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River. Internal Conflict Ali(cousin of Muhammad)- natural successor to Uthman was assassinated. Umayyads: family that came to power. Moved capital to Demascus Arab Muslims felt it was too far away from their lands. Abandoned the simple life of previous callliphs, surrounding themselves with wealth. Sunni VS. Shi’a Muslims Sunni Muslims Shi’a Muslims Believe that the first four caliphs were “rightly guided” Believe that Ali, the prophet’s son-in law, should have succeeded Muhammad Believe that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna/Muhammad’s example. Believe that all Muslim rulers should be descended from Muhammad; do not recognize the authority of the Sunna Claim that the Shi’a have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an Claim that the Sunni have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an.