Download Only 27% related to known accidents Cryptosporidiosis Reston virus

BIOSAFETY
Presented by: Leonard LaFazia
Introduction Development of
Biosafety Practices
1941 - Meyer and Eddie 74 lab
associated brucellosis infections
in US
1949 - Sulkin and Pike 222 viral
infections (21 fatal)
Only 27% related to known accidents
Major disease outbreaks worldwide
Legionnaire’s Disease
Multidrug resistant Salmonella
Cryptosporidiosis
E.coli O157
BSE
Lyme Borreliosis
Venezuelan
Equine Encephalitis
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever
nvCJD
West Nile Virus
Reston virus
Lassa fever
Yellow fever
E.coli non-O157
Typhoid
Malaria
E.coli O157
West Nile Fever Diphtheria
Echinococcosis
Influenza A(H5N1)
Nipah Virus
Reston Virus
Cholera 0139
RVF/VHF
Buruli ulcer
Dengue
O’nyong-nyong
Ebola
haemhorrhagic
fever
haemorrhagic
fever
Human
fever
Monkeypox
Cholera
Cholera
Equine
Ross River
morbillivirus
virus
Hendra virus
Classification of biological samples
 Infectious
substances
 Diagnostic
specimens
Why Biosafety Practices?
Protection:
 workers
 “products”
 co-workers
 lab support personnel
 environment
Biosafety
biological materials
Collection
Transport
Manipulation
Collection, transport & manipulation
Any biological sample may be infectious
and therefore presents a hazard to any
person handling

during collection
during transport

during opening and proceeding

Sample Collection
 by
patients
» faeces
 by
urine
sputum
medical staff
» blood
sternal puncture
aspiration liquids
pus
Precautions during sample collection
Protect collector, colleague, staff...

wear gloves, coat, (mask, glasses)

VHF: double gloves, filer-masks, boots

dispose needles in special containers, without recapping, disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5%),
incineration

clean working surfaces (hypochlorite)

decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10%)
HIV or AIDS (Acquired
Immune Deficiency
Syndrome)
35,000 people are infected annually
 An infected person may carry the virus for
years before symptoms appear
 No cure and no vaccine at present

HBV or Hepatitis




Inflammation of the liver - most common
bloodborne disease
Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all
No symptoms - person is infectious and can spread
the disease
Hepatitis infects about 300,000 people in USA
annually
Bloodborne Diseases
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes
AIDS - no cure or vaccination
 HBV: Hepatitis B virus causes liver disease vaccination available
 Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis
 Syphilis
 Malaria

Means of Transmission Must Enter Body

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
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

HBV, HIV virus present in blood, body fluids
Sexual contact with an infected partner
Sharing infected needles
Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that is
contaminated with infected blood, body fluids
Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts,
sores
Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes, mouth.
General Lab Requirements: Safety
Knowledgeable supervisor
 Knowledgeable personnel
 Aware of potential hazards
 Proficient in practices &
 techniques
 Lab specific biosafety manual

Special Practices
Strictly follow guidelines:
 Demonstrate proficiency
 Receive appropriate training
 Report incidents
 Participate in medical surveillance
Laboratory safety
Special procedures
 Decontaminate work
 Report
surfaces
spills and accidents
 No animals in laboratories
Decontamination Agent Selection:
Degree of microbial killing required
 Nature of item/ surface to be treated
 Ease of use
 Safety Cost

Sample preparation





Prefer vials such as vacutainers
coagulation at room temp.
centrifuge carefully
avoid aerosols
store
– serology:
-20 C - 4 C
– virology: freeze rapidly
– bacteriology: store at room temperature
Centrifuge Hazard:
Mechanical failure of machine
 Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.)
 Aerosol generation
 Operator error

Use safety cups whenever possible
 Disinfect weekly and after all spills or breakages
 Lubricate O- rings and rotor threads weekly
 Do not use rotors that have been dropped

Check tubes for cracks/ chips.
 Use matched sets of tubes, buckets etc.
 Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups.
 Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle and bucket
seated.
 Close lid during operation.
 Allow to come to complete stop before opening.

SOLUTIONS
EDUCATION
•SENDERS
•CARRIERS
•RECEIVERS
•“EXPERTS”
MONEY
•PACKAGING
FLEXIBILITY
Protect Yourself

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
Universal Precautions
TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS.
Skin protects from pathogens - cuts, dermatitis, chapping, small
cracks allow germs to enter the body
First aid - use gloves, have as little contact as possible with
blood or body fluids
Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact
After contact, flush eyes and face with fresh water for several
minutes
Clean-Up and Safe
Housekeeping





After an accident, the entire area must be cleaned with
disinfectant
Cleaning equipment must be disinfected
Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or goggles if
appropriate
Restrict access to the area
Use disposable towels - dispose of properly
Other Exposure Hazards



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Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood, body fluids
ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing
Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used syringes
in trash
Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom &
dustpan
Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely
Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or sharp objects
Common Sense Rules



Wash hands & remove protective clothing before
eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses,
applying lip balm or cosmetics
Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth while
cleaning
Frequent handwashing is best defense against
spreading infection
Summary





Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts
Practice good personal hygiene
Follow work rules, use gloves and protective
clothing
Wash your hands often, after work or exposure
Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to
supervisors
Laboratory Biosafety
The Laboratory Biosafety
Manual is an important WHO
publication used worldwide