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Transcript
Rome’s Conquest of the Greek East And its impact on Roman culture and religion The Hellenistic World, Ca. 240 BCE Teacher Oz’s Kingdom of History, Ancient Greece Page, http://www.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/static/map09.html, accessed Dec. 1, 2006 The Mediterranean world after the Second Punic War Rome in control of the Western Mediterranean; Carthage no longer a threat; Spain pacified; Numidia loyal to Rome; Gauls were neutralized (at least for now) After Alexander’s death – Greek world split into series of independent states ruled by his successors; Greek world was not unified Four Hellenistic monarchies emerged: the Antigonids (Macedonia), Ptolemies (Egypt), Attalids (Western Turkey - Pergamum) and Seleucids (Asia Minor). Two leagues formed among Greek city states: The Aetolian League (anti-Macedonian) and The Achaean League (pro-Macedonian). Rome’s Conquest of the Greek East Philip V of Macedonia, defeated by Rome 197 BC at battle of Cynoscephalae Antiochus III invades Greece 192 BC Antiochus III (the Great) Seleucid (Asia Minor), defeated by Rome 189 BC 148 BC Macedonia becomes a Roman Province 146 Corinth destroyed by Rome – completes the conquest of Greece proper The Sack of Corinth (146 BCE) At nightfall, the Achaeans, who had taken refuge in Corinth after the battle, escaped from the city; most of the Corinthians escaped with them as well. Mummius at first held back from entering Corinth, though the gates were open, suspecting that an ambush had been set inside the walls; however, on the third day after the battle, he took Corinth by storm and burnt it. The Romans slaughtered most of those they captured, but Mummius sold the women and children as slaves; he also sold all the slaves who had been set free and who had fought on the Achaean side who had not immediately fallen on the battlefield. Mummius carried off the dedications which were especially admired, as well as other works of art…Mummius razed the walls of all the cities who had fought against Rome, and seized their arms, even before the commissioners had been sent from Rome; when these arrived to act with him, he began to put down democracies and establish governments where magistrates were chosen for their property qualifications; tribute was imposed on Greece…” (Pausanias 7.7-9) This concludes the conquest of Greece proper Consequences Enormous amount of wealth pours into Rome from conquered Greek East Works of art, gold, silver, large number of slaves Many Greek slaves were well-educated and became teachers in the houses of the elite (paedogogus) New wave of hellenization of Rome begins Welcomed by some; met with resistance by others: Cato the Elder The Cult of Liber (Bacchus, Dionysos) Popular cult for centuries, widespread throughout Italy and in Rome itself Associated with agriculture, fertility, viticulture, sexuality; Cult in grove of Stimula Cult involved secret initiation Membership in cult cut across usual boundaries between social groups (included free and slaves) and gender, rich and poor, Leadership in cult, priesthoods open to ordinary members including women; women had prominent role in cult Represented threat to traditional religious structure – religious leadership was monopolized by Roman elite (magistrates) Cult suppressed by Roman senate 186 BC - see primary document (Livy) For more details read Wiseman Chapter 8