Download Rocks and Minerals Interactive Student Notebook

Interactive Student Notebook: Chapters 3 & 4
Minerals & Rocks
Name:
Date:
Class Period:
Next Generation Science Standard MS-ESS2-1: Develop a model to describe the cycling
of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process.
Common Core Standard SL.8.5: Integrate multimedia and visual displays into
presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest.
Is it a mineral? Why, or why not?
Leaf:
Granite:
Bones:
Petrified Wood:
Chapter 3 Notes:
What is a mineral?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a rock?
What is a mine?
What is reclamation?
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Minerals and Their Properties
(Textbook Chapter 3, Sections 1 & 2)
Video Review (DX0502)
Directions: During the course of the program, answer the “You Decide” questions as they are presented
in the video. Use the word bank to answer the “Video Quiz” questions at the end of the video.
You Decide:
A. What was that mineral? ______________________________
B. What is the name of this place? ______________________________
C. What is the name for hot, molten rock? ______________________________
D. Which rock do you think will float? ______________________________
E. What is the main mineral found in the Golden Gate Bridge? ______________________________
Video Quiz 1:
1. A __________ is an inorganic substance.
2. Salt consists of crystals shaped like ____________.
3. Each group of crystal shapes is called a ____________.
4. The crystalline structure tends to give minerals their ____________.
5. An _____________ is a chemically pure substance made of one kind of atom.
6. Lava or magma is derived from ____________ rock.
Word Bank for
Video Quiz 1:
cleavage
crystal system
cubes
7. ____________ are minerals that contain silicon and oxygen.
element
8. The way a mineral reflects light is called __________.
fracture
9. _____________ occurs when minerals split along flat surfaces.
luster
10. When rocks break along jagged surfaces it is called ___________.
mineral
molten
shape
silicates
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Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word. A list of answers is provided.
1. A _________ is a material from the earth that is made of one or more minerals.
2. The shape of a mineral largely depends on its ___________ structure.
Word Bank for
Video Quiz 2:
crystal
streak
3. The term “fool’s gold” refers to the mineral ____________.
4. A mineral or rock that is capable of producing a usable amount of metal is called
______________.
gems
ore
pyrite
5. ______________ are colorful, highly prized minerals.
rock
6. The color of powder left behind on a piece of porcelain is a mineral’s
______________.
Mohs Scale of Hardness (Textbook Chapter 3, Section 2)
Interpreting Charts: Answer each question using Mohs
hardness scale.
Which mineral is the hardest?
Which mineral is the softest?
List four minerals that will scratch feldspar.
List two minerals that are softer than calcite.
If a mineral will scratch quartz, but it will not scratch
corundum, what is the hardness of that mineral?
If a mineral will scratch gypsum, but will not scratch calcite,
what is the hardness of that mineral?
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Mineral Identification Lab
Objective: Students will identify minerals by observing and recording their physical characteristics.
Background Information: Minerals possess a set of specific properties that can be used to help identify
them.
•
•
Color is one of the most obvious properties, yet it can also be the least helpful in identifying
minerals because one mineral can often come in many different colors, and two minerals can have
the same color.
A mineral’s hardness can be determined by a scratch test. Mohs scale of hardness (created by
geologist Friedrich Mohs) ranks minerals from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
You can use the materials in the table below to approximate Mohs Scale of Hardness.
Material
Fingernail
Copper Penny
Glass
Nail
•
•
•
Hardness
2.5
3.0
5.5
6.5
Minerals are also identified based on how they break. Cleavage refers to a mineral’s tendency to
break along flat surfaces, and fracture refers to a mineral’s tendency to break along irregular or
curved surfaces.
A mineral’s streak refers to the color of powder it leaves when rubbed against a piece of porcelain.
Minerals can also be identified based on their luster, which is the way the surface of a mineral
reflects light. Metallic, nonmetallic, waxy, earthy, glossy, and dull are common terms used to
describe luster.
Materials:
•
•
•
•
•
•
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5 numbered samples of unknown minerals
copper penny
glass square
nail
porcelain streak plate
magnifying lens
mineral identification key
Procedure:
Record your observations in the chart on the following page.
1. Observe and record the color of each mineral.
2. Note whether the luster of each mineral is metallic or nonmetallic. If nonmetallic, is it glossy, pearly,
greasy, earthy, or dull?
3. Rub each mineral against the streak plate and determine the color of the mineral’s streak.
4. Using a fingernail, copper penny, glass square, and a nail, test each mineral to determine its hardness
according to the hardness scale provided above.
5. Your teacher will tell you whether the surface of each mineral displays cleavage or fracture.
6. Use the Mineral Identification Key to help identify your unknown mineral samples.
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Mineral Identification Key
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Mineral Identification Lab
Sample #
Color
Luster
Streak
1
2
3
4
5
6
Hardness
Cleavage or
Fracture
Mineral
Name
Birdseed Mining
Background Information: Mining is a complex process in which relatively small amounts of valuable or
useful minerals or metals are extracted from very large masses of rock.
Vocabulary:
• Mine – to extract minerals; or a place where minerals can be obtained
• Ore – mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for a profit
• Reclamation – returning land to its original condition after mining
• Profit – money earned after expenses are paid
• 15 ml = 1 Tablespoon
Materials:
Birdseed/bead mixture
Paper plate
Graph paper
Toothpicks or paper clips
Procedure:
Purchase Land:
1. Cut the graph paper into four pieces. Give one piece to each person at the table. Leave any extras
on the tray.
2. This graph paper is your land. Set it on your paper plate. The cost of this property is $25 for every
15 ml of seed/bead mixture that is on it.
3. Purchase your land from the owner and enter the cost on your Birdseed Spreadsheet.
Purchase Equipment and Pay Workers:
4. Do not touch the seed/bead mixture with your hands. You will only use your mining equipment
(toothpick @ $5 and/or paper clip @ $10) to mine. Purchase your equipment from the tray, and
write the cost on your spreadsheet.
5. Your mining operation costs are $5 for each piece of equipment that you purchase. This covers
wages for workers operating your equipment, fuel and other expenses. Enter the correct amount
on your spreadsheet.
Begin Mining:
6. Use the toothpicks or paper clips to sort through the mixture and mine the ores. If this equipment
breaks, you cannot use it, and must purchase more.
7. Neatly separate the different materials into their own piles on your piece of land. Messy mines will
be given an environmental damage fine.
8. Count your mined material and enter the amounts on the spreadsheet.
Begin Reclamation of the Land:
9. Now, figure your reclamation cost by putting all of the waste material on a pile on your property,
taking up as little space as possible. Count the number of squares that it is taking up, and multiply
the number of squares by $1.
10. Write the reclamation costs on the spreadsheet.
Calculate your Profit/Loss:
11. Subtract all of your expenses from the total value of your mined minerals. Did you earn a profit or
take a loss?
12. Enter your profit or loss on the spreadsheet.
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Birdseed Spreadsheet
Expenses:
Property cost ($25 per 15 ml)
$__________
Equipment purchase:
Toothpicks ($5 each)
$__________
Paper Clips ($10 each)
$__________
Mining operation cost:
($5 for each piece of
equipment being used)
Reclamation ($1 per square)
$__________
$__________
Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . $__________
Income:
Value of Minerals:
Sunflower Seeds = iron = $4 each
Quantity _____
Value $__________
Pink/red beads = copper = $5 each
Quantity _____
Value $ __________
Blue/purple beads = silver = $6 each
Quantity _____
Value $__________
White beads = diamond = $25 each
Quantity _____
Value $__________
Total income (value of all minerals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $__________
Subtract total expenses . . . . . . . - __________
Equals your profit (positive number) or your loss (negative number)
Circle one: profit/loss
=
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$__________
Mining: Impact on the Environment
(Textbook Chapter 3, Section 3)
Making Connections
1. Birdseed mining was similar to real-life mining because
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2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
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3. What is an ore?
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 4 Notes
What are the three types of rock, and how do they form?
1.
2.
3.
Oregon’s state
gemstone is the
SUNSTONE.
Oregon’s state rock is
the THUNDEREGG.
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Sedimentary Rocks (Textbook Chapter 4, Section 3)
Video Review (DX1135)
Directions: During the course of the program, answer the “You Decide” questions as they are presented
in the video. Answer the “Video Quiz” questions at the end of the video.
You Decide:
1. What do sedimentary rocks consist of? ______________________________
2. What is the name of this large canyon? ______________________________
3. What are these formations called? ______________________________
4. What is the meaning of the word organic? ______________________________
5. What is this large expanse of white? ______________________________
6. What are these colorful objects lying on the ground? ______________________________
Video Quiz:
1. Sedimentary rocks are made up of ______________________.
2. _______________________ occurs when the weight of layers presses particles together.
3. A ______________ _______________ is a bed of rock.
4. The _________________ rock layers are at the top of the Grand Canyon.
5. _______________________ contain large, smooth rock fragments.
Word Bank for
Video Quiz:
cast
6. These hoodoos are made primarily of ________________.
chemical
7. Rocks which form as a result of chemical reactions are called __________________
compaction
rocks.
conglomerates
8. _______________________ is the process in which once living things are replaced
limestone
by minerals.
organic
9. When an organism decays and the mold fills with sediment, a ______________
petrification
fossil forms.
rock layer
10. _________________ rocks are rocks made of once living things.
sediments
youngest
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Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
(Textbook Chapter 4, Sections 2 & 4)
Video Review (DX0501)
Directions: During the course of the program, answer the “You Decide” questions as they are presented
in the video. Answer the “Video Quiz” questions at the end of the video.
You Decide:
1. Where do you think molten rock is formed? ______________________________
2. From what substance is this red candle formed? ______________________________
3. This igneous rock called gabbro is large grained. Where do you think it formed? ___________________
4. What will happen to these small beads of clay if you squeeze and heat them in your hand?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. From what metamorphic rock is this roof made? ______________________________
Video Quiz:
1. _________ rocks are formed from molten rock.
2. Molten rock on the surface of the earth is called ________.
3. ____________ rock is formed inside the earth.
Word Bank for
Video Quiz:
4. Igneous rocks with large crystals cool ________.
basalt
foliated
5. _________ rocks are created via heat and pressure from existing rocks.
6. Metamorphic rocks that break along flat, even bands are _______ .
igneous
intrusive
lava
7. _________ is an igneous rock which is mined from quarries such as this.
8. Igneous rocks on the earth’s surface cool ________.
marble
metamorphic
quickly
9. Under heat and pressure, limestones may form _________.
10. ________ metamorphism occurs over large areas.
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regional
slowly
Igneous Rock (Textbook Chapter 4, Section 2)
1.
Why is some igneous rock coarse-grained and some fine-grained?
2.
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?
3.
List three different types of intrusive igneous rock formations.
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Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Video Review (DX0503)
Directions: During the course of the program, answer the “You Decide” questions as they are presented
in the video. Answer the “Video Quiz” questions at the end of the video.
You Decide:
1. What makes rocks different from elk? ______________________________
2. What twisted this rock? ______________________________
3. How did these pebbles get so smooth? ______________________________
4. Where did all this sand come from? ______________________________
Video Quiz:
1. The Grand Canyon was formed primarily via __________.
2. A rock contains one or more _________.
3. The main types of rocks are sedimentary, metamorphic, and _________ rocks.
4. Sedimentary rocks may be formed from solidified layers of _________ .
5. Metamorphic rocks are created from other rocks undergoing ____ and pressure.
Word Bank for
Video Quiz:
6. Slate is a _________ rock used for buildings and roofing.
cycle
erosion
7. Sand originally comes from ________.
heat
8. _________ rock is formed when rock becomes liquid.
igneous
metamorphic
9. The rock _______ illustrates that rocks are continually changing form.
10. ___________ involves the wearing down of rocks over time.
minerals
molten
rock
sediments
weathering
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Rock Cycle Vocabulary:
Weathering:
Erosion:
Sediment:
Compacting:
Cementing:
Morph:
Ignite:
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Processes (Key Words)
Type of Rock
that is Formed
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous
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Practice Test
Fill in the processes that lead to the formation of each rock type.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
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Practice Test
Write a paragraph explaining how sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rock form. Use
the following key words in your paragraph:
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•
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weathering
erosion
sediment
compact
cement
strata or layers
•
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•
heat
pressure
change
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•
•
•
•
•
•
melt or molten
magma
lava
solidify
intrusive
extrusive
“How do I earn an A?”
Writing Answers to Questions:
Sentences are complete and make sense.
Part of the question is in the answer.
Explanations are complete and detailed.
Each step is described in the correct sequence.
All of the relevant vocabulary words are used.
All information is accurate.
Example:
Question: Describe the processes that occur when sedimentary rock is formed.
Answer that would earn an A: “Sedimentary rock is formed when rock is broken down into smaller
pieces in a process called weathering. The small pieces of rock are then moved by wind, water or ice,
which is called erosion. Then the sediment settles and is compacted and cemented together into layers of
sedimentary rock.”
Answer that would NOT earn an A: “sedimentary rock forms by weathering and erosion and
compacting and cementing”
Drawing Illustrations:
Images show action or meaning.
A background is drawn to give context to the drawing.
Labels or captions clearly explain what is happening in the pictures.
Color makes the features of the drawing stand out.
Example:
Drawings that would earn an A:
Cooling and Solidifying
I made it out of the volcano!
Now I’m getting cool and
turning into solid rock!
Drawings that would NOT earn an A:
Igneous Rock
Igneous Rock
We’re extrusive igneous
rock. We cooled fast out
here on the Earth’s surface!
Cooling and Solidifying
Cool.
Cool.
Hi.
We’re
OBSIDIAN!
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