Download Ex. glucose, fructose and galactose: these are isomers

Name:
Biology CP
Date:
Period:
CH 3.2 Carbon Compounds: Organic Macromolecules
I.
Carbohydrates: made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio _____________________
Functions: major source of ________________
Some are also used for ___________________ ___________________
A.
Monosacharide: “single sugar” building blocks
Ex. glucose, fructose and galactose: these are isomers
Isomer:
Glucose
B.
Fructose
Disaccharides: _______ simples sugars joined together by the dehydration synthesis
Ex. sucrose= (glucose- fructose), maltose= (glucose- glucose),
Lactose= (glucose- galactose)
-sucrose is ________________ _________________
-lactose is _________________ _________________
C.
Polysaccharides: “many sugars”, long branching chains of linked simple sugars, large
and insoluble, functions as _________________________ _______________________ of energy
ex. Starch: storage in glucose in _________________
Glycogen: storage of glucose in ___________________
Cellulose: __________________ ___________________ in plants (wood)
Name:
Biology CP
D.
Date:
Why are carbohydrates important?
Because they contain LARGE amounts of ENERGY!
This energy can be released by a process called __________________________________________
E.
What is dehydration synthesis?
F.
Hydrolysis is _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
II.
Lipid: ______________ molecules made of mostly C and H, with some O.
Functions: Long – term storage of ______________
___________________ molecule in cell membranes
Waterproof covering on _____________
Chemical messengers – steroids
There are three common types of lipids: fats, oils and waxes.
A.
Monomers: _________________ and ________________ ____________
B.
Glycerol Structure:
Period:
Name:
Biology CP
Date:
Period:
C.
Fatty acids: long ____________________ carbon chains, with a ________________________ group at
one end.
a. Saturated Fatty Acid: contains only ____________ bonds between carbon atoms.
______________ at room temperature, for example _____________________.
b. Unsaturated Fatty Acid: contains at least one ____________________ bond between carbon atoms.
____________________ at room temperature, for example __________________.
c. _______________________________: contains more than one double bond between carbon atoms.
d. Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids, and results in bad
trans-fats.
A _________________________________________ reaction links the fatty acids to glycerol molecule making fat
(triglyceride).
Name:
Biology CP
D.
Date:
Cholesterol:
a. Essential compound in making animal _________________
Period:
_____________________________,
___________________________________, and _________________________________.
b. Can build-up in arteries and cause __________________ __________________ and strokes
III.
Nucleic Acids : composed of a chain of _______________________. Made up of ____________________.
A.
Nucleotide: has three parts: a sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Label the structure below
Name:
Biology CP
Date:
Period:
a. Names of Nitrogenous Bases
1.
____________________________
2.
____________________________
3.
____________________________
4.
____________________________
B.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double stranded molecule. It stores the hereditary information used to
make ____________________________.
a. Nitrogenous bases pair up:
i. A and ______
ii. G and ______
C.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a single strand molecule, used in making proteins.
a. Uses the nitrogenous base, __________________ instead of Thymine
IV. Proteins: Composed of _________________________, which are made up of C, H, O, N, and S atoms.
A. Amino acids:
1. There are _____ different amino acids that make up most proteins.
2. Draw the basic structure of an amino acid:
3. Amino acids are linked through dehydration synthesis by _______________________ to form
_______________________________.
4. Amino acids can be polar, non-polar, charged or uncharged. This affects the _______________ of protein.
Name:
Biology CP
Date:
B. Polypeptides: very long chains of amino acids. The amino acids in the chains interact with each other, forming
different types of structures:
1.__________________________
2.__________________________
3.__________________________
C. The ___________________of a protein is greatly influenced by conditions such as:
1._______________________
2._______________________
D. Functions: there are many different kinds of proteins each with different roles.
1. Provide________________ ________________ and _______________________ in cells.
Example: Keratin and Collagen.
2. Control the __________ of ________________ reactions: enzymes
3. Carry and transport substances in and out of ____________________. Example: hemoglobin
4. Fight against _____________________. Antibodies
Period: