Download Digestive System Review Teeth – grinds food mechanically breaks

Digestive System Review
1. Teeth – grinds food mechanically breaks into smaller pieces.
2. Salivary glands – secrete saliva into the mouth.
3. Saliva – the fluid released by the salivary glands when the mouth waters. There is an enzyme in saliva that
begins to chemically digest big molecules called starches into smaller molecules called sugars. The saliva also
coats food allowing it to move smoothly through the esophagus.
4. Digestion - chemically breaking big molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed as nutrients. The
following help us digest: enzymes, acid, and bile.
5. Enzyme – a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things.
6. Esophagus – the muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food to the stomach from the mouth.
7. Peristalsis – the wavelike muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus into the stomach.
8. Stomach – the J-shaped muscular pouch where food goes after passing through the esophagus after being
swallowed. Food is stored here. It is also where most mechanical digestion occurs as food is squashed and
churned. Here food is mixed with acid which chemically digests the food and creates gas. The stomach is coated
with mucus which protects it from being harmed from the acid inside of it.
9. Mucus – thick slippery substance that coats the stomach and esophagus
10. Small intestine – Place where food goes after the stomach. It is 24 feet long and most Chemical digestion AND
nutrient absorption takes place here. The walls of the intestine are lined with villi. The Pancreas and secretes
enzymes into this place which chemically digest food. The Gall Bladder also secretes Bile which turns fat into
smaller fat droplets.
11. Villi – the microscopic finger-like extensions which line the walls of the small intestine. The Villi increase the
small intestines surface area, allowing it to absorb large amounts of nutrients.
12. Liver – The largest, heaviest organ in the body. It produces bile. The Gall Bladder stores the Bile and secretes it
into the small intestine.
13. Gall Bladder – Located below the liver. Stores Bile and secretes it into the small intestine.
14. Bile – chemical created by the liver, stored in the Gall Bladder, and secreted into the small intestine that turns
fat into smaller fat droplets.
15. Pancreas – This organ creates and secretes many enzymes into the small intestine where they chemically digest
(break down) food.
16. Large Intestine – absorbs water, salt, and minerals from the undigested food (waste material).
17. Rectum – the last vertical section of the rectum where undigested food is compressed into solid waste (feces)
before it is excreted through the anus.
18. Anus – the muscular opening where feces (poop) is excreted (pooped) from the body.
19. Ingestion – eating (take in) food
20. Digestion – chemically breaking big molecules into smaller molecules with enzymes and acid.
21. Absorption – the digested nutrients are absorbed through the villi into the blood stream to feed the body’s cells
22. Excretion – the removal of solid waste (feces) (poop) from the body through the anus (pooping)
23. Physical Change – matter changes shape
24. Chemical Change – new substance created