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World History Rise of Islam World History Rise of Islam One-fifth of the world’s inhabitants are Muslims. Islamic scholars preserved the insights of the Greeks that continue to shape modern societies. Algebra is the best known of many Muslim advances in math. World History Rise of Islam * The Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads of 3 continents - Africa. Europe, and Asia. World History Rise of Islam * The Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads of 3 continents - Africa. Europe, and Asia. The land was inhabited by nomadic Arab herders called Bedouins. World History Rise of Islam * The Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads of 3 continents - Africa. Europe, and Asia. The land was inhabited by nomadic Arab herders called Bedouins. *Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty to family, and warrior skills. These became part of the Islamic way of life. World History Rise of Islam * The Arabian Peninsula is a crossroads of 3 continents - Africa. Europe, and Asia. The land was inhabited by nomadic Arab herders called Bedouins. *Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty to family, and warrior skills. These became part of the Islamic way of life. Christians and Jews also lived on the Arabian peninsula. World History Rise of Islam The land was inhabited by nomadic Arab herders called Bedouins. *Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty to family, and warrior skills. These became part of the Islamic way of life. Christians and Jews also lived on the Arabian peninsula. Muhammad was born into a powerful family. He was raised by his uncle and grandfather. World History Rise of Islam *Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty to family, and warrior skills. These became part of the Islamic way of life. Christians and Jews also lived on the Arabian peninsula. Muhammad was born into a powerful family. He was raised by his uncle and grandfather. He became a trader and married at 25. He took an interest in religion and often meditated. World History Rise of Islam Christians and Jews also lived on the Arabian peninsula. Muhammad was born into a powerful family. He was raised by his uncle and grandfather. He became a trader and married at 25. He took an interest in religion and often meditated. At age 40 – a voice called to him while he was meditating in a cave outside Mecca. World History Rise of Islam Muhammad was born into a powerful family. He was raised by his uncle and grandfather. He became a trader and married at 25. He took an interest in religion and often meditated. At age 40 – a voice called to him while he was meditating in a cave outside Mecca. *The voice was that of the angel Gabriel, who told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah. World History Rise of Islam He became a trader and married at 25. He took an interest in religion and often meditated. At age 40 – a voice called to him while he was meditating in a cave outside Mecca. *The voice was that of the angel Gabriel, who told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah. Muhammad came to believe that the Lord who spoke to him through Gabriel was Allah. World History Rise of Islam *The voice was that of the angel Gabriel, who told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah. Muhammad came to believe that the Lord who spoke to him through Gabriel was Allah. Muhammad believed that he was the last of the prophets. He began to teach people that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned. World History Rise of Islam Muhammad came to believe that the Lord who spoke to him through Gabriel was Allah. Muhammad believed that he was the last of the prophets. He began to teach people that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned. *People who agreed to this principal were called Muslims. In Arabic Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.” World History Rise of Islam Muhammad believed that he was the last of the prophets. He began to teach people that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned. People who agreed to this principal were called Muslims. *In Arabic Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.” *Muslim means “one who has submitted.” World History Rise of Islam People who agreed to this principal were called Muslims. *In Arabic Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.” *Muslim means “one who has submitted.” Muhammad began to preach publicly but he faced resistance – some thought that his ideas would neglect the traditional Arab gods. World History Rise of Islam *In Arabic Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.” *Muslim means “one who has submitted.” Muhammad began to preach publicly but he faced resistance – some thought that his ideas would neglect the traditional Arab gods. *Muhammad and some of his followers left Mecca and traveled to Medina. This was known as the Hijrah. World History Rise of Islam Muhammad began to preach publicly but he faced resistance – some thought that his ideas would neglect the traditional Arab gods. *Muhammad and some of his followers left Mecca and traveled to Medina. This was known as the Hijrah. He became the leader of Medina and fashioned an agreement between Jews and Muslims to live as a single community. World History Rise of Islam *Muhammad and some of his followers left Mecca and traveled to Medina. This was known as the Hijrah. He became the leader of Medina and fashioned an agreement between Jews and Muslims to live as a single community. There were growing military tensions between Mecca and Medina. World History Rise of Islam He became the leader of Medina and fashioned an agreement between Jews and Muslims to live as a single community. There were growing military tensions between Mecca and Medina. *In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers marched on Mecca and Mecca’s leaders surrendered. Many Meccans converted to Islam. World History Rise of Islam There were growing military tensions between Mecca and Medina. *In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers marched on Mecca and Mecca’s leaders surrendered. Many Meccans converted to Islam. Muhammad died two years later at 62 years old. World History Rise of Islam There were growing military tensions between Mecca and Medina. *In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers marched on Mecca and Mecca’s leaders surrendered. Many Meccans converted to Islam. Muhammad died two years later at 62 years old. Summary Beliefs and practices of Islam * The Five Pillars: to be a Muslim, all believers have to carry out five duties. Beliefs and practices of Islam * The Five Pillars: to be a Muslim, all believers have to carry out five duties. 1. *Faith: testify to statement of faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” Beliefs and practices of Islam * The Five Pillars: to be a Muslim, all believers have to carry out five duties. 1. *Faith: testify to statement of faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” 2. *Prayer: Five times a day, Muslims face Mecca and pray. They may assemble at a mosque, an Islamic house of worship, or wherever they find themselves. Beliefs and practices of Islam 2. *Prayer: Five times a day, Muslims face Mecca and pray. They may assemble at a mosque, an Islamic house of worship, or wherever they find themselves. 3. *Alms: Muhammad taught that all Muslims have a responsibility to support the less fortunate. They meet this by giving alms (money) to the poor, through a special religious tax. Beliefs and practices of Islam 3. *Alms: Muhammad taught that all Muslims have a responsibility to support the less fortunate. They meet this by giving alms (money) to the poor, through a special religious tax. 4. *Fasting: During the holy month of Ramaddan, Muslims fast b/w sunrise and sunset. A simple meal is eaten at the end of the day. Serves to remind that spiritual needs are greater than physical needs. Beliefs and practices of Islam 4. *Fasting: During the holy month of Ramaddan, Muslims fast b/w sunrise and sunset. A simple meal is eaten at the end of the day. Serves to remind that spiritual needs are greater than physical needs. 5. *Pilgrimage: All Muslims who are physically and financially able to perform the hajj to Mecca at least once. Pilgrims wear identical garments so that all stand equal before Allah. Beliefs and practices of Islam 5. *Pilgrimage: All Muslims who are physically and financially able to perform the hajj to Mecca at least once. Pilgrims wear identical garments so that all stand equal before Allah. Way of life – besides five pillars other morals, customs, and laws for Islamic society that affect daily life Forbidden to eat pork or drink alcohol. Beliefs and practices of Islam Way of life – besides five pillars other morals, customs, and laws for Islamic society that affect daily life Forbidden to eat pork or drink alcohol. No priests or central religious authorioty. Fridays are set aside for communal worship. Beliefs and practices of Islam Way of life – besides five pillars other morals, customs, and laws for Islamic society that affect daily life Forbidden to eat pork or drink alcohol. No priests or central religious authorioty. Fridays are set aside for communal worship. Sources of authority – original source is Allah. Beliefs and practices of Islam Forbidden to eat pork or drink alcohol. No priests or central religious authority. Fridays are set aside for communal worship. *Sources of authority – original source is Allah. Holy book is the Qur’an. Only Arabic can be used in worship. Beliefs and practices of Islam No priests or central religious authority. Fridays are set aside for communal worship. *Sources of authority – original source is Allah. Holy book is the Qur’an. Only Arabic can be used in worship. *Links to Judaism and Christianity – Same God that is worshipped. Beliefs and practices of Islam Fridays are set aside for communal worship. *Sources of authority – original source is Allah. Holy book is the Qur’an. Only Arabic can be used in worship. *Links to Judaism and Christianity – Same God that is worshipped. Muslims view Jesus as a prophet, not Son of God. Muhammad is final prophet. Beliefs and practices of Islam Holy book is the Qur’an. Only Arabic can be used in worship. *Links to Judaism and Christianity – Same God that is worshipped. Muslims view Jesus as a prophet, not Son of God. Muhammad is final prophet. *All 3 religions believe in heaven and hell and a day of judgment. Muslims trace ancestry to Abraham. Beliefs and practices of Islam Muslims view Jesus as a prophet, not Son of God. Muhammad is final prophet. *All 3 religions believe in heaven and hell and a day of judgment. Muslims trace ancestry to Abraham. Summary