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World History
Rise of Islam
World History
Rise of Islam
One-fifth of the world’s inhabitants are
Muslims.
Islamic scholars preserved the
insights of the Greeks that continue
to shape modern societies.
Algebra is the best known of
many Muslim advances in math.
World History
Rise of Islam
* The Arabian Peninsula is a
crossroads of 3 continents - Africa.
Europe, and Asia.
World History
Rise of Islam
* The Arabian Peninsula is a
crossroads of 3 continents - Africa.
Europe, and Asia.
The land was inhabited by nomadic
Arab herders called Bedouins.
World History
Rise of Islam
* The Arabian Peninsula is a
crossroads of 3 continents - Africa.
Europe, and Asia.
The land was inhabited by nomadic
Arab herders called Bedouins.
*Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty
to family, and warrior skills. These
became part of the Islamic way of
life.
World History
Rise of Islam
* The Arabian Peninsula is a
crossroads of 3 continents - Africa.
Europe, and Asia.
The land was inhabited by nomadic
Arab herders called Bedouins.
*Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty
to family, and warrior skills. These
became part of the Islamic way of
life.
Christians and Jews also lived on
the Arabian peninsula.
World History
Rise of Islam
The land was inhabited by nomadic
Arab herders called Bedouins.
*Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty
to family, and warrior skills. These
became part of the Islamic way of
life.
Christians and Jews also lived on
the Arabian peninsula.
Muhammad was born into a
powerful family. He was raised by
his uncle and grandfather.
World History
Rise of Islam
*Bedouins idealized courage, loyalty
to family, and warrior skills. These
became part of the Islamic way of
life.
Christians and Jews also lived on
the Arabian peninsula.
Muhammad was born into a
powerful family. He was raised by
his uncle and grandfather.
He became a trader and married at
25. He took an interest in religion
and often meditated.
World History
Rise of Islam
Christians and Jews also lived on
the Arabian peninsula.
Muhammad was born into a
powerful family. He was raised by
his uncle and grandfather.
He became a trader and married at
25. He took an interest in religion
and often meditated.
At age 40 – a voice called to him
while he was meditating in a cave
outside Mecca.
World History
Rise of Islam
Muhammad was born into a
powerful family. He was raised by
his uncle and grandfather.
He became a trader and married at
25. He took an interest in religion
and often meditated.
At age 40 – a voice called to him
while he was meditating in a cave
outside Mecca.
*The voice was that of the angel
Gabriel, who told Muhammad that
he was a messenger of Allah.
World History
Rise of Islam
He became a trader and married at
25. He took an interest in religion
and often meditated.
At age 40 – a voice called to him
while he was meditating in a cave
outside Mecca.
*The voice was that of the angel
Gabriel, who told Muhammad that
he was a messenger of Allah.
Muhammad came to believe that
the Lord who spoke to him through
Gabriel was Allah.
World History
Rise of Islam
*The voice was that of the angel
Gabriel, who told Muhammad that
he was a messenger of Allah.
Muhammad came to believe that
the Lord who spoke to him through
Gabriel was Allah.
Muhammad believed that he was
the last of the prophets. He began
to teach people that Allah was the
one and only God and that all other
gods must be abandoned.
World History
Rise of Islam
Muhammad came to believe that
the Lord who spoke to him through
Gabriel was Allah.
Muhammad believed that he was
the last of the prophets. He began
to teach people that Allah was the
one and only God and that all other
gods must be abandoned.
*People who agreed to this principal
were called Muslims.
In Arabic Islam means “submission
to the will of Allah.”
World History
Rise of Islam
Muhammad believed that he was
the last of the prophets. He began
to teach people that Allah was the
one and only God and that all other
gods must be abandoned.
People who agreed to this principal
were called Muslims.
*In Arabic Islam means
“submission to the will of Allah.”
*Muslim means “one who has
submitted.”
World History
Rise of Islam
People who agreed to this principal
were called Muslims.
*In Arabic Islam means
“submission to the will of Allah.”
*Muslim means “one who has
submitted.”
Muhammad began to preach
publicly but he faced resistance –
some thought that his ideas would
neglect the traditional Arab gods.
World History
Rise of Islam
*In Arabic Islam means
“submission to the will of Allah.”
*Muslim means “one who has
submitted.”
Muhammad began to preach
publicly but he faced resistance –
some thought that his ideas would
neglect the traditional Arab gods.
*Muhammad and some of his
followers left Mecca and traveled to
Medina. This was known as the
Hijrah.
World History
Rise of Islam
Muhammad began to preach
publicly but he faced resistance –
some thought that his ideas would
neglect the traditional Arab gods.
*Muhammad and some of his
followers left Mecca and traveled to
Medina. This was known as the
Hijrah.
He became the leader of Medina
and fashioned an agreement
between Jews and Muslims to live
as a single community.
World History
Rise of Islam
*Muhammad and some of his
followers left Mecca and traveled to
Medina. This was known as the
Hijrah.
He became the leader of Medina
and fashioned an agreement
between Jews and Muslims to live
as a single community.
There were growing military
tensions between Mecca and
Medina.
World History
Rise of Islam
He became the leader of Medina
and fashioned an agreement
between Jews and Muslims to live
as a single community.
There were growing military
tensions between Mecca and
Medina.
*In 630, Muhammad and 10,000
followers marched on Mecca and
Mecca’s leaders surrendered.
Many Meccans converted to Islam.
World History
Rise of Islam
There were growing military
tensions between Mecca and
Medina.
*In 630, Muhammad and 10,000
followers marched on Mecca and
Mecca’s leaders surrendered.
Many Meccans converted to Islam.
Muhammad died two years later at
62 years old.
World History
Rise of Islam
There were growing military
tensions between Mecca and
Medina.
*In 630, Muhammad and 10,000
followers marched on Mecca and
Mecca’s leaders surrendered.
Many Meccans converted to Islam.
Muhammad died two years later at
62 years old.
Summary
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
* The Five Pillars: to be a Muslim,
all believers have to carry out five
duties.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
* The Five Pillars: to be a Muslim,
all believers have to carry out five
duties.
1. *Faith: testify to statement of
faith “There is no God but Allah,
and Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah.”
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
* The Five Pillars: to be a Muslim,
all believers have to carry out five
duties.
1. *Faith: testify to statement of
faith “There is no God but Allah,
and Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah.”
2. *Prayer: Five times a day,
Muslims face Mecca and pray. They
may assemble at a mosque, an
Islamic house of worship, or
wherever they find themselves.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
2. *Prayer: Five times a day,
Muslims face Mecca and pray. They
may assemble at a mosque, an
Islamic house of worship, or
wherever they find themselves.
3. *Alms: Muhammad taught that
all Muslims have a responsibility to
support the less fortunate. They
meet this by giving alms (money)
to the poor, through a special
religious tax.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
3. *Alms: Muhammad taught that
all Muslims have a responsibility to
support the less fortunate. They
meet this by giving alms (money)
to the poor, through a special
religious tax.
4. *Fasting: During the holy month
of Ramaddan, Muslims fast b/w
sunrise and sunset. A simple meal
is eaten at the end of the day.
Serves to remind that spiritual
needs are greater than physical
needs.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
4. *Fasting: During the holy month
of Ramaddan, Muslims fast b/w
sunrise and sunset. A simple meal
is eaten at the end of the day.
Serves to remind that spiritual
needs are greater than physical
needs.
5. *Pilgrimage: All Muslims who are
physically and financially able to
perform the hajj to Mecca at least
once. Pilgrims wear identical
garments so that all stand equal
before Allah.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
5. *Pilgrimage: All Muslims who
are physically and financially able to
perform the hajj to Mecca at least
once. Pilgrims wear identical
garments so that all stand equal
before Allah.
Way of life – besides five pillars
other morals, customs, and laws for
Islamic society that affect daily life
Forbidden to eat pork or drink
alcohol.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
Way of life – besides five pillars
other morals, customs, and laws for
Islamic society that affect daily life
Forbidden to eat pork or drink
alcohol.
No priests or central religious
authorioty.
Fridays are set aside for communal
worship.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
Way of life – besides five pillars
other morals, customs, and laws for
Islamic society that affect daily life
Forbidden to eat pork or drink
alcohol.
No priests or central religious
authorioty.
Fridays are set aside for communal
worship.
Sources of authority – original
source is Allah.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
Forbidden to eat pork or drink
alcohol.
No priests or central religious
authority.
Fridays are set aside for communal
worship.
*Sources of authority – original
source is Allah.
Holy book is the Qur’an. Only
Arabic can be used in worship.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
No priests or central religious
authority.
Fridays are set aside for communal
worship.
*Sources of authority – original
source is Allah.
Holy book is the Qur’an. Only
Arabic can be used in worship.
*Links to Judaism and Christianity –
Same God that is worshipped.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
Fridays are set aside for communal
worship.
*Sources of authority – original
source is Allah.
Holy book is the Qur’an. Only
Arabic can be used in worship.
*Links to Judaism and Christianity –
Same God that is worshipped.
Muslims view Jesus as a prophet,
not Son of God.
Muhammad is final prophet.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
Holy book is the Qur’an. Only
Arabic can be used in worship.
*Links to Judaism and Christianity –
Same God that is worshipped.
Muslims view Jesus as a prophet,
not Son of God.
Muhammad is final prophet.
*All 3 religions believe in heaven
and hell and a day of judgment.
Muslims trace ancestry to Abraham.
Beliefs and practices of
Islam
Muslims view Jesus as a prophet,
not Son of God.
Muhammad is final prophet.
*All 3 religions believe in heaven
and hell and a day of judgment.
Muslims trace ancestry to Abraham.
Summary