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Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy -Cellular Respiration Notes- Part 3: Cellular Respiration LT 5.8 – I can identify the sites of anaerobic and aerobic respiration and compare the reactants and products of each. Overview Organisms obtain energy (______) by breaking down (catabolic pathway, _________________ reaction) organic molecules (glucose) during ________________ ______________________. The function of cellular respiration is to gather __________________ from glucose and use their energy to create ATP. Cellular respiration occurs in the ________________ and __________________________. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic – oxygen (O2) not _________________ Aerobic – oxygen (O2) ____________ Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in two main parts: o ________________________ This stage is ___________, meaning that it doesn’t require oxygen! o _________________ Respiration Aerobic mean that the process occurs with ______________! Includes the ________ Cycle, ________________ Transport Chain and ___________________________ Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy Glycolysis ___________________ (glyco = sugar, lysis = to break) is the process of glucose being broken down in the cytoplasm of a cell. What goes in? o ______________ (6-carbon sugar) o 2 ATP What comes out? o ____ ATP total, a net of 2 ATP o 2 _____________ (electron carriers) o 2 _____________ (3-carbon sugar) Between Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle After glycolysis, the cell is left with 2 pyruvate in the cytoplasm. Prior to entering the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate firsts reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) to form a 2-carbon molecule called ___________ ________. Also during this time, one ___________ ___________ is released and one _________ (electron carrier) is formed. The Krebs Cycle After glycolysis, most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the 2 ________________. In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate is transported into the ________________ and converted to Acetyl CoA. There it is broken down into __________ ___________ in a process known as the __________ _____________. What goes in? o Pyruvate ____________ ______ What comes out? o ____ CO2 o ____ NADH (electron carrier) o ____ FADH2 (electron carrier) o ____ ATP Electron Transport Chain This is the point at which most of the _____ of __________ cellular respiration is produced. The electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are brought to the ETC to convert ______ ATP. These _______________ are release by NADH and FADH2 to move along the mitochondrial membrane from one protein (___________________) to another. This causes Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the mitochondrial membrane into the ____________________________ space. Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy After the electrons have been passed down the chain they are accepted at the end by O2 to make _________. Chemiosmosis Because there are more Hydrogen ions (H+) in the innermembrane space, they want to ____________ back across the membrane into the _________. They move back across the membrane through an enzyme called ATP ___________________. ATP synthase turns ADP into ________! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Anaerobic Respiration Some cells can function for short periods of time when oxygen levels are low or even exist _____________ oxygen at all! Recall, Glycolysis is an ____________________ process and occurs in the cytoplasm without oxygen. If there is no oxygen after Glycolysis, the cell will carry out ____________________ rather than aerobic cellular respiration. ____________________________ is the process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain ________________ and small amounts of _______ production in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation There are two main types of fermentation: o ___________ _________ fermentation o _______________ fermentation 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation At the end of Glycolysis, ________________ is left. Lactic acid fermentation converts the pyruvate made during Glycolysis to ___________ ________ using special _________________. Unit 5 – Producers & Cellular Energy During Glycolysis NAD+ is converted to NADH. When Pyruvate gets converted to Lactic acid, NADH gets converted back to NAD+ so Glycolysis can be __________________. This is what occurs in your _________ cells when you are at lacking oxygen. It is hypothesized that Lactic acid can cause your muscles to feel fatigued or sore. 2. Alcohol Fermentation This occurs in _________ (fungi) and some bacteria. After Glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to __________ and ____________ ____________. This process also allows for NAD+ to be converted back to ___________. This is why ___________ has holes in it!!! LT 5.9 – I can explain how photosynthetic organisms use the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.