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Mrs.Robinson World History iMater Academy • In 499 BCE, the Ionian Greeks asked the mainland Greeks to help them rebel against the Persians. • Athens sent warships to help them, but they were not strong enough to defeat the Persian army. Those Greeks will pay for this! We’re on the way! Help ! • They made the Persian King, Darius, very angry with Greece. • He vowed to seek revenge against the Athenians for messing in Persian affairs. • • • The Greeks knew Persia would declare war. • 1st was Battle of Marathon in 490 BC; Greeks won In 480 BCE, Darius’ son Xerxes sent another larger force to conquer Greece. - Sent 200,000 soldiers and nearly 1,000 ships. • By this time Athens convinced Sparta to join them in battle. • The Persian War united the city-states of Greece for the first time. Twenty Greek city-states joined together to meet the Persian invaders. • The united Greek states fought against the Persian Empire. - The Persians greatly outnumbered the Greek army, but the Greeks held them off for 2 days. • When defeat was imminent, the Spartans ordered the other Greeks to leave before the battle. - Only 7000 Thespiae Greeks volunteers agreed to stay and fight with the Spartans. - 300 Spartans fought against a Persian army of 200,000 • The Persians marched south after their victory and destroyed the city of Athens… burning it to the ground. • The Athenians fled to Salamis, a small nearby island. - More than 800 Persian ships attacked the Athenian navy near the island. • The Greek fleet (ships) ended up defeating the Persians. • The Greek army won later in the Battle of Plataea (479 BC). • After the Persian War, the Greek sense of uniqueness was increased. - Greeks formed a military alliance called the Delian League (478 BC). - Athens will control Delian League other city-states started to become resentful of Athens. • The wise and skillful leadership of Pericles brought about a Golden age in Athens. high point of Greek art and culture • Golden Age was from about 460 to 429 BCE and is often called the Age of Pericles. - Rebuilt the city of Athens after the fire in the Persian wars. • Pericles believed that all male citizens, regardless of wealth or social class, should take part in government. - **Enabled the poor to serve in the government. • Assembly could write a name on a piece of broken pottery and name a person they considered harmful. • The Assembly was the law-making body of Athens. - The Assembly met several times a month and needed at least 6,000 members present to take a vote. - This was direct democracy… a large number of citizens took part in the day to day affairs of the government. • To defend against overly ambitious political leaders, members could ostracize a person - Could be banned from the city for 10 years. • Many Greeks resented the Athenian domination. - A 27 year war broke out in 431 BCE engulfing all of Greece. • To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League. • Unfortunately for Athens and their powerful navy, Sparta was located inland. • Sparta will invade Athens, and Athens's plan of defense will backfire. - Planned to use walls to keep from fighting Spartans. - Overcrowding led to a plague that killed a third of the people. • In 404 BCE… the Spartans captured Athens. • Greeks attention on one another lead to the rise of the Macedonian people. • The Athenian household included the husband, wife and children. - It also sometimes included extended relatives and slaves. • Women could not own property and had to have a male guardian. - If they were not married they lived with their father or another male relative. • Women were married at age 14 or 15. • Not granted formal education other than domestic tasks. - They were expected to remain in the home and out of sight.