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AIM: How did Rome
develop and
expand?
DO NOW: TURN & TALK WITH A PARTNER AND
CREATE A LIST OF TWO INTERPRETATIONS.
“ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME.”
Geography
I.
Italian Peninsula
I.
Natural crossroads for
trade, cultural
exchange, and
conquest of the
Mediterranean Basin
II.
Provided protection
from invasion by sea
Early Roman History
Latin Ancestors 1200 BCE – 300 BCE
I.
I.
Settled along Tiber River
Etruscans ruled Rome
II.
I.
Greek and Carthaginian colonies
nearby
Romans drove out Etruscan king who
ruled them
III.
I.
Set up new government to ensure no
more kings
The Roman Republic
I.
Republic - form of government in
which affairs of state are a
"public matter"
I.
Senate
II.
Two Consuls
III.
Dictator
Patricians
Plebeians
Slaves and Freedmen
I.
Twelve Tablets*
I. Laws written down and placed in
the forum (center of city).
II. Allowed plebeians to appeal
judgments by patricians
III. Elected Tribunes to veto laws
Expansion
The Punic Wars
I.
I.
Rome vs. Carthage (Rome’s
political & economic competitor
in the Mediterranean area)
II.
Rome Wins = moved on to
conquer Western Europe &
extend Roman influence
throughout the Mediterranean
basin.
III.
Roman culture followed Roman
conquests. (CULTURAL DIFFUSION)
Expansion
I.
II.
III.
Julius Caesar
I.
Successful military commander
II.
Forced Senate to name him dictator
Implemented reforms
I.
Public works programs
II.
Gave land to poor
III.
Reorganized provincial
governments
IV.
Granted citizenship to more people
Fall of Julius Caesar
I.
Murdered on the Ides of March by
Brutus
Augustus

After the death of Julius Caesar, a
new round of Civil Wars begin 
Octavian is triumphant

Gains absolute power 31 BCE -14 CE

Given title of Augustus (Exalted One),
declares him princeps (First Citizen)

Lays foundation for a stable
government
Pax Romana (Roman Peace)



Literature, history and philosophy

Virgil

Horace: satirize
Art & Architecture

Mosaic

Pantheon

Colosseum
Science & Math

Engineering

Road System

Aqueducts

Ptolemy: Earth was center of the universe
Roman Emperors…the Good, Bad & Weird
DIRECTIONS: PICK A ROMAN EMPEROR AND USING HIS BIOGRAPHY,
CREATE A SONG ABOUT THAT EMPEROR.
(HELPFUL, USE THE BEAT OF A CURRENT SONG WITH SUBSTITUTED LYRICS)
Aim: How did Christianity
emerge and then spread to
become the official religion of
the Roman empire?
DO NOW: ROMAN EMPEROR SONG
PERFORMANCES
Early Religious History
 Includes
diverse religions
 Polytheism:
Jupiter, Mars,
Juno, Venus, etc.
 “mystery
of Isis
religions” ex: Cult
 Generally,
Rome tolerated
varied religious traditions
 DIVISIONS
Idea
= arise in Judea
of the messiah
Rome: The Right Time…the Right Place!
 GEOGRAPHIC
FACTORS
 PHILOSOPHICAL
FACTORS
 POLITICAL
FACTORS
 RELIGIOUS
FACTORS
The Rise of Christianity
 Monotheistic
 Jesus
Life
 New
is Son of God
& teachings of Jesus
Testament
 Believed
in life after death –
heaven/hell
 All
people equal before God
10
Commandments
 Christian
Church
Christianity & Rome
 Conflicts
=
Monotheism
Persecution
 Acceptance
vs. Polytheism
of Christians – Nero
=
Constantine’s Edict of Toleration
(313 AD)
Theodosius declares Christianity
the official religion of the Roman
Empire (380 AD)
Augustine & the Rise of the Holy
Roman Empire (d. 430 AD
*As the Roman Empire declined the
Catholic Church grew in
importance, membership, and
power.
Christian Persecution Reading
DIRECTIONS:
READ THE PROVIDED TEXT AND COMPLETE THE
ATTACHED DOCUMENT.
AIM: What forces caused the fall
of the Western Roman Empire?
DO NOW: WHAT DOES THIS QUOTE MEAN TO YOU?
“THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE ROMAN EMPIRE.”
The Roman Empire
Powerful!
Emperor Diocletian
Ruled
with iron fist and
limited personal freedoms
Doubled
Sought
size of army
to control inflation
Divided
empire in two:
Greek Speaking East &
Latin Speaking West
Emperor Constantine
Moves
New
capital of empire east to Byzantium; builds new city
city is later renamed Constantinople
Eastern
empire flourishes due to trade and wealth
Western Empire Crumbles
 “long
 Final
decline”
collapse was due to:
Worsening
internal problems
Separation
of the Western Empire from wealthier East
Outside
invasions
Germanic Invasions
Mongol
nomads, The Huns, forced Germanic peoples on
empire’s borders to push into Roman lands
Last
Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, ousted by
Germanic forces in 476 AD
Finished.
Political Cartoon – Exit Slip
DIRECTIONS:
Create a political
cartoon representing
your #1 Theory on why
the Roman Empire
collapsed.