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Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 Study Guide for final exam (9-12 Friday May 15 in WAG) Your final will have 3 seen passages, 1 sight passage, vocabulary identification, parsing, and grammar questions. It will be cumulative (look on weebly for passages that are fair game) Parsing guidelines: Parse: Please provide the appropriate grammatical information for each underlined word (see chart) and also provide the function (e.g. genitive of possession, or verb in cum temporal clause). Nouns/Adj.: Verbs: Infinitives: Participles Gender Mood Person Tense Gender Number Tense Number Voice Number Case Voice Identify Case as pronouns infinitive : antecede nt Tense Voice Identify as participle Breaking down a distracting sentence Dividing a sentence into clauses/parallelisms is helpful. Here are some strategies to do so: Identify parallelisms: et, et…et, neque…neque, alii…alii, asyndeton, anaphora Group words that are working together: e.g. participial phrases, prepositional phrases, ablative absolutes; modifying adjectives, genitives and the noun[s] they depend on Identify subordinate clause that begin with cum/ubi/qui, quae, quod/cur/si/quoniam o THEN find main verb[s] of that clause Find the main verb[s] of the sentence by temporarily ignoring distractions: ablatives, indirect objects, prepositional phrases Start at the beginning to reincorporate each clause Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 Ablative with special verbs: verbs that take the abl. fruor, fungor, utor, vescor, potior si suā operā in bello uti vellet… Ablative Absolutes: “with the x having been blank-ed”/ “with x blanking (active pres. part.)/”with x having been... (no part.) Simul his rebus animadversis: with these things having been noticed/when these things were noticed/after these things were noticed Hac habita oratione: with this speech having been held… Abl. Manner: cum+ how something is done (sometimes lacks a cum and has an adjective) militari more: in the military custom Abl. Means: independent ablative to show with what instrument something is done ….tubā signum dedit: he gave the signal by means/with a trumpet Abl. place where: aka local abl. when no prep to show place where sinistro cornu in dextro cornu Abl. place from which: use a prep. to note where something is moving from physically ab urbe proficiscitur… Abl. separation: note a lack that isn’t necessarily motion related—sometimes uses prep. quod vacuum a bello…fuerat: which had been devoid from war Abl. Source: notes where something comes from (place); aka abl. origin/abl. material quas ex Pompeianis militibus confecerat. Abl. time when: (demonstrative) +time word to note a specific time in which something (things) occured illis temporibus…: in those times Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 Ablative of cause: sometimes with causa+gen./sometimes independent abl. with cause feel causa ostentationis: for the sake of show Dative with compound verbs: see list I gave out cum Pompei castris appropinquasset: when he had neared the camp of Pompey… Dative of purpose: dat. to express purpose his rebus…comitiisque omnibus perficiendis….: for finishing things and all the elections praetoribus tribunisque plebis rogationes ad populum ferentibus….: “with the praetors and tribunes bringing bills to the people” cohortes VII castris praesidio reliquerat: he had left 7 cohorts for the camp for the purpose of defense (i.e. as guard for the camp) Dative of reference: use the dative to show form whom something is true/applicable cohortes VII castris praesidio reliquerat: he had left 7 cohorts for the camp for the purpose of defense (i.e. as guard for the camp) Double Dative: dat. of purpose +dat. of reference cohortes VII castris praesidio reliquerat: he had left 7 cohorts for the camp for the purpose of defense (i.e. as guard for the camp) Dative with special verbs/adjectives: some verbs/adj. “take” the dat. credo, credere, credidi, creditus: trust, lend (trans) +dat. magnam [pecuniam] imperatam Asiaeque Syriae regibusque…”much money having been ordered from…” Deponent Verbs: look passive/sound active/can take objects suum cum Scipione honorem partitur: he shared his own honor with Scipio ….dispositi dispersos adorirentur: the spread out would attack the scattered Fearing clause: fearing verb +ut to express negative fear/ne to express positive Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 timens, ne a multitudine equitum dextrum cornu circumveniretur, partitive gen./gen. of the whole: part from whole gen. (sometimes ditch the “of”) tantum navium: so many ships (so much of ships) tantum fiduciae evocatorum circiter duo objective genitive: you can rephrase the genitive as an object of the verbified governing noun (love of cakeI love cake! hate of snakesI hate snakes!) spes victoriae augetur…: expectation of victory was increased (I expect victory) gen. of penalty (charge): you make accusations in the gen. ambitūs… gen. of value: gen. to note “of” how much something is worth aestimationes…quanti quaeque earum ante bellum fuiessent…: evaluations of how much… Gerund: noun form of verb—uses n. 2nd declension endings in non-nom. cases Cupidus erat amandi: he was desirous to love Gerundive: “blank-ing the x” future active participle agrees in gender #case with its “object” to note purpose-y/futuristic feelings in praeripiendo…. beneficio: “in taking away the good deed” his rebus…comitiisque omnibus perficiendis….: for finishing things and all the elections ad comparandas copias: for preparing troops Hindering Constructions: verb of hindering + ne/quin/quominus +subj. reliqui, in labore pari ac periculo ne unus omnes antecederet, recusarent. Historic Present: looks present/refers to past Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 Historic Infinitive: author leaves a verb that should be conjugated in the inf. Impersonal Verbs: usually 3rd person, doesn’t refer to a person per se; see handout for constructions—sometimes takes a dative, acc., gen. +subj./inf. oporteretne Lucili Hirri…proximis comitiis praetoriis absentis rationem haberi ei consulem fieri liceret…: it was permitted for him to become consul… Indirect question: word of head (verb or noun!) &/question word +subjunctive et, quid fieri vellet, ostendit: and he showed what he wanted to happen… testibus se militibus uti posse, quanto studio pacem petisset: “that he was able to use the soldiers as witness [to] with how much zeal he had sought peace…” interrogans….solerentne veterani milites fugere, Indirect command (Jussive noun clause): verb of ordering+ut/ne+verb done by the person/ppl ordered Sed Pompeius suis praedixerat ut Caesaris impetum exciperent Scipionis milites cohortatur, ut….velint esse participes… cum ab eo impetravisset, ut sibi captivos tradi iuberet, Indirect statement: verb of head+subject acc.+infinitive main verb hoc…esse aptissimum existimavit…: he thought…that this was most fitting (aptissimum=predicate) correlatives: small words that go together (co-relate) aliis…aliis…: some…others cum…tum…: not only…but also prius…quam: before (delay until you get to quam) maius….quam: more...than… Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 et…et…: both…and (both…and…) neque…neque: neither…nor (neque on its own=and not) result clause: comparative/extreme-o word+ut/ut non+subjunctive tantum navium…ut possent…: sooooo many ships…that they were able… tantum fiduciae ac spiritus Pompeianis accessit, ut non de ratione belli cogitarent, Hic miles erat tam malus ut non bellum conficeretur. Particles that do multiple things cum-cum clauses, abl. acomp., cum…tim quam- how..!; than…; whom; quam+superlative ut-as (ut videbatur…=as it seemed); purpose/result/indirect command/result clause; since/as Random Third Conjugation weirdness (canipassive infinitive) volo, nolo, malo future act. part (casura pila sperabat/fore) videor=to seem (Quod nobis quidem nulla ratione factum a Pompeio videtur) Degrees of adj. UNUS NAUTA proinde ac si=just as if locative