Download Takakjy 311 Summer 2014 Study Guide for final exam (9

Takakjy
311
Summer 2014
Study Guide for final exam (9-12 Friday May 15 in WAG)
Your final will have 3 seen passages, 1 sight passage, vocabulary identification,
parsing, and grammar questions. It will be cumulative (look on weebly for passages
that are fair game)
Parsing guidelines:
Parse: Please provide the appropriate grammatical information for each
underlined word (see chart) and also provide the function (e.g. genitive of
possession, or verb in cum temporal clause).
Nouns/Adj.:
Verbs:
Infinitives:
Participles
 Gender
 Mood
 Person
 Tense
 Gender
 Number
 Tense
 Number
 Voice
 Number
 Case
 Voice
 Identify
 Case
as
 pronouns
infinitive
:
antecede
nt



Tense
Voice
Identify as participle
Breaking down a distracting sentence
Dividing a sentence into clauses/parallelisms is helpful. Here are some strategies to
do so:
 Identify parallelisms: et, et…et, neque…neque, alii…alii, asyndeton, anaphora
 Group words that are working together: e.g. participial phrases, prepositional
phrases, ablative absolutes; modifying adjectives, genitives and the noun[s]
they depend on
 Identify subordinate clause that begin with cum/ubi/qui, quae,
quod/cur/si/quoniam
o THEN find main verb[s] of that clause
 Find the main verb[s] of the sentence by temporarily ignoring distractions:
ablatives, indirect objects, prepositional phrases
 Start at the beginning to reincorporate each clause
Takakjy
311
Summer 2014
Ablative with special verbs: verbs that take the abl. fruor, fungor, utor, vescor, potior
si suā operā in bello uti vellet…
Ablative Absolutes: “with the x having been blank-ed”/ “with x blanking (active pres.
part.)/”with x having been... (no part.)
Simul his rebus animadversis: with these things having been noticed/when these
things were noticed/after these things were noticed
Hac habita oratione: with this speech having been held…
Abl. Manner: cum+ how something is done (sometimes lacks a cum and has an
adjective)
militari more: in the military custom
Abl. Means: independent ablative to show with what instrument something is done
….tubā signum dedit: he gave the signal by means/with a trumpet
Abl. place where: aka local abl. when no prep to show place where
sinistro cornu
in dextro cornu
Abl. place from which: use a prep. to note where something is moving from physically
ab urbe proficiscitur…
Abl. separation: note a lack that isn’t necessarily motion related—sometimes uses
prep.
quod vacuum a bello…fuerat: which had been devoid from war
Abl. Source: notes where something comes from (place); aka abl. origin/abl. material
quas ex Pompeianis militibus confecerat.
Abl. time when: (demonstrative) +time word to note a specific time in which something
(things) occured
illis temporibus…: in those times
Takakjy
311
Summer 2014
Ablative of cause: sometimes with causa+gen./sometimes independent abl. with cause
feel
causa ostentationis: for the sake of show
Dative with compound verbs: see list I gave out
cum Pompei castris appropinquasset: when he had neared the camp of Pompey…
Dative of purpose: dat. to express purpose
his rebus…comitiisque omnibus perficiendis….: for finishing things and all the
elections
praetoribus tribunisque plebis rogationes ad populum ferentibus….: “with the
praetors and tribunes bringing bills to the people”
cohortes VII castris praesidio reliquerat: he had left 7 cohorts for the camp for the
purpose of defense (i.e. as guard for the camp)
Dative of reference: use the dative to show form whom something is true/applicable
cohortes VII castris praesidio reliquerat: he had left 7 cohorts for the camp for the
purpose of defense (i.e. as guard for the camp)
Double Dative: dat. of purpose +dat. of reference
cohortes VII castris praesidio reliquerat: he had left 7 cohorts for the camp for the
purpose of defense (i.e. as guard for the camp)
Dative with special verbs/adjectives: some verbs/adj. “take” the dat.
credo, credere, credidi, creditus: trust, lend (trans) +dat.
magnam [pecuniam] imperatam Asiaeque Syriae regibusque…”much money having
been ordered from…”
Deponent Verbs: look passive/sound active/can take objects
suum cum Scipione honorem partitur: he shared his own honor with Scipio
….dispositi dispersos adorirentur: the spread out would attack the scattered
Fearing clause: fearing verb +ut to express negative fear/ne to express positive
Takakjy
311
Summer 2014
timens, ne a multitudine equitum dextrum cornu circumveniretur,
partitive gen./gen. of the whole: part from whole gen. (sometimes ditch the “of”)
tantum navium: so many ships (so much of ships)
tantum fiduciae
evocatorum circiter duo
objective genitive: you can rephrase the genitive as an object of the verbified
governing noun (love of cakeI love cake! hate of snakesI hate snakes!)
spes victoriae augetur…: expectation of victory was increased (I expect victory)
gen. of penalty (charge): you make accusations in the gen.
ambitūs…
gen. of value: gen. to note “of” how much something is worth
aestimationes…quanti quaeque earum ante bellum fuiessent…: evaluations of how
much…
Gerund: noun form of verb—uses n. 2nd declension endings in non-nom. cases
Cupidus erat amandi: he was desirous to love
Gerundive: “blank-ing the x” future active participle agrees in gender #case with its
“object” to note purpose-y/futuristic feelings
in praeripiendo…. beneficio: “in taking away the good deed”
his rebus…comitiisque omnibus perficiendis….: for finishing things and all the
elections
ad comparandas copias: for preparing troops
Hindering Constructions: verb of hindering + ne/quin/quominus +subj.
reliqui, in labore pari ac periculo ne unus omnes antecederet, recusarent.
Historic Present: looks present/refers to past
Takakjy
311
Summer 2014
Historic Infinitive: author leaves a verb that should be conjugated in the inf.
Impersonal Verbs: usually 3rd person, doesn’t refer to a person per se; see handout for
constructions—sometimes takes a dative, acc., gen. +subj./inf.
oporteretne Lucili Hirri…proximis comitiis praetoriis absentis rationem haberi
ei consulem fieri liceret…: it was permitted for him to become consul…
Indirect question: word of head (verb or noun!) &/question word +subjunctive
et, quid fieri vellet, ostendit: and he showed what he wanted to happen…
testibus se militibus uti posse, quanto studio pacem petisset: “that he was able to
use the soldiers as witness [to] with how much zeal he had sought peace…”
interrogans….solerentne veterani milites fugere,
Indirect command (Jussive noun clause): verb of ordering+ut/ne+verb done by the
person/ppl ordered
Sed Pompeius suis praedixerat ut Caesaris impetum exciperent
Scipionis milites cohortatur, ut….velint esse participes…
cum ab eo impetravisset, ut sibi captivos tradi iuberet,
Indirect statement: verb of head+subject acc.+infinitive main verb
hoc…esse aptissimum existimavit…: he thought…that this was most fitting
(aptissimum=predicate)
correlatives: small words that go together (co-relate)
aliis…aliis…: some…others
cum…tum…: not only…but also
prius…quam: before (delay until you get to quam)
maius….quam: more...than…
Takakjy
311
Summer 2014
et…et…: both…and (both…and…)
neque…neque: neither…nor (neque on its own=and not)
result clause: comparative/extreme-o word+ut/ut non+subjunctive
tantum navium…ut possent…: sooooo many ships…that they were able…
tantum fiduciae ac spiritus Pompeianis accessit, ut non de ratione belli cogitarent,
Hic miles erat tam malus ut non bellum conficeretur.
Particles that do multiple things
cum-cum clauses, abl. acomp., cum…tim
quam- how..!; than…; whom; quam+superlative
ut-as (ut videbatur…=as it seemed); purpose/result/indirect command/result
clause; since/as
Random
Third Conjugation weirdness (canipassive infinitive)
volo, nolo, malo
future act. part (casura pila sperabat/fore)
videor=to seem (Quod nobis quidem nulla ratione factum a Pompeio videtur)
Degrees of adj.
UNUS NAUTA
proinde ac si=just as if
locative