Download What creates variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing

What creates variation in the offspring
of sexually reproducing organisms?
1. genetic recombination
during fertilization
2. mitotic division in body
cells
3. crossing over in mitosis
4. homologous chromosomes
lining up
62%
19%
15%
ch
r
...
...
go
us
ol
o
ho
m
cr
o
ss
in
go
di
v
m
ito
tic
re
co
et
ic
ge
n
ve
r
isi
m
b.
..
...
4%
Which process allows sexually reproducing organisms to
create gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the
body cells?
mitosis
meiosis
fertilization
reproduction
81%
ro
du
ct
io
n
4%
re
p
t io
n
iza
fe
rti
l
os
is
8%
m
ei
ito
sis
8%
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
A branch cut off of a geranium plant grows into a new
plant. Will the new plant be different from its parent
plant?
1. yes, because mitosis will
take place in the new plant.
2. yes, because meiosis will
take place in the old plant.
3. no, because meiosis and
fertilization did not take
place.
4. no, because the new plant
was formed from gametes.
62%
19%
15%
be
c
no
,
au
se
be
c
no
,
au
se
m
th
e.
...
..
m
.. .
us
e
ca
be
ye
s,
ye
s,
be
ca
us
e
m
.. .
4%
Cats have many different possible coat
colors. What does this show?
1. mutations occurring in
sexually reproducing
organisms
2. reproduction in asexually
reproducing organisms
3. division of body cells in
adult organisms
4. variation in sexually
reproducing organisms
85%
ia
tio
n
in
of
b
on
isi
di
v
ro
du
ct
re
p
s. .
.
i. .
.
o.
..
0%
io
n
cc
u.
..
ns
o
tio
ut
a
m
8%
va
r
8%
What is the result of a single cell going
through the process of meiosis?
1. one identical new
cell
2. two identical new
cells
3. three identical
haploid bodies
4. four gamete cells
72%
20%
a.
..
.
et
e
m
ga
fo
ur
id
id
o
tw
th
re
e
en
tic
a
en
t ic
l ..
l.
nt
ic a
id
e
on
e
ce
...
4%
..
4%
What is an advantage of asexual
reproduction?
88%
12%
ew
ef
ar
re
th
e
g.
..
er
eo
em
or
ar
re
of
fsp
rin
ffs
pr
in
g.
..
...
0%
id
en
tic
a
ar
e
th
e
of
fs
pr
in
g
th
e
of
fs
pr
in
g
ar
e
no
t
id
e.
..
0%
th
e
1. the offspring are not
identical to their
parents
2. the offspring are
identical to their
parents
3. there are more
offspring produced
4. there are fewer
offspring produced
.. .
st
llo
w
It
a
It
a
llo
w
sf
or
he
. ..
...
ge
t
ld
ou
w
Th
ey
Th
ey
w
ou
ld
ge
t
...
Mendel theorized that genetic traits are “segregated” during
gamete formation and the offspring get only one allele for a
trait from each parent. Why is this important to sexually
reproducing organisms?
1. They would get too many
80%
dominant traits if it did not
occur
2. They would get too many
recessive traits if it did not
occur
3. It allows for offspring to be
different from their parents
12%
8%
4. It allows the best traits to
0%
be selected out for the
offspring.
s. .
.
es
i
be
of
ge
n
ay
Tr
an
sm
iss
e
io
n
ge
ne
m
st
ick
es
os
om
...
..
ch
r..
e
sa
m
Ch
ro
m
th
e
on
Ge
ne
s
4.
to
ge
.
.
3.
sa
m
2.
Th
e
1.
Mendel theorized that genetic traits are “independently
assorted” and one trait does not depend on another for
transmission to offspring. What do we know today that
makes this theory invalid?
Genes on the same
38%
chromosome are usually
transmitted together.
31%
Chromosomes stick
together and are often
15% 15%
transmitted with each
other.
The same gene may be
responsible for several
different traits.
Transmission of genes is
random and depends on
laws of probability
Where are genes for sex-linked traits
located?
1. They can be on any
chromosome
2. On the “Y”
chromosome
3. On the “X”
chromosome
4. On chromosome
pair # 21
42%
31%
23%
...
...
om
os
om
e
”c
hr
ch
r
On
On
th
e
“X
“Y
th
e
On
Th
ey
ca
n
be
”c
on
...
hr
.. .
4%
A white flower crossed with a red flower produces pink
offspring. This is an example of incomplete dominance. If two
of the pink-flowered plants are crossed, what ratio will the
genotypes of the offspring have?
1 RR: 3 Rr
1 RR: 2 Rr: 1rr
2 Rw: 2 Ww
1 Rr: 2 rr: 1 ww
42%
35%
15%
.. .
w
rr:
1
W
r:
2
:2
1R
2
R:
1R
2R
w
Rr
R:
3
Rr
:1
r..
.
8%
1R
1.
2.
3.
4.
Why are blood types considered an
example of codominance?
1. there are four types of
blood, not two
2. blood type O can be
donated to anyone, AB
cannot
3. blood types A and B will
both be expressed when
present
4. there are three alleles for
blood type and four types
of blood
56%
20%
16%
..
et
ar
re
th
e
od
bl
o
od
bl
o
hr
e.
...
ty
pe
s
O
ty
pe
ef
ar
re
th
e
A
c..
.
ou
r. .
.
8%
How many pairs of homologous
chromosomes do humans have?
4
22
44
46
62%
23%
15%
46
44
22
0%
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
If two different alleles are present,
which allele is expressed?
recessive
dominant
phenotypic
pure
92%
0%
pu
re
c
yp
i
no
t
ph
e
in
an
t
4%
do
m
es
siv
e
4%
re
c
1.
2.
3.
4.
A tall pea plant (DD) and a tall pea
plant (Dd) have what in common?
phenotype
genotype
alleles
seed color
42%
31%
15%
lo
r
co
se
ed
el
es
all
pe
ot
y
ge
n
no
t
yp
e
12%
ph
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
In crossing homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
pea plants, Mendel noted that some genes were not seen in
the F1 generation and were seen in only 25% of the F2
generation. What did he call these genes?
dominant
recessive
lethal
incompletely
dominant
48%
40%
yd
. ..
l
in
co
m
pl
et
el
th
a
le
es
siv
e
4%
re
c
in
an
t
8%
do
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
An albino man who married a normally pigmented woman. They
have three children: an albino son, a normally pigmented
daughter, and a normally pigmented son. A = normal
pigmentation, a = albino What is the genotype of the mother?
84%
8%
no
t
be
pr
ed
.. .
AA
4%
Ca
n
4%
aa
Aa
aa
AA
Cannot be predicted
Aa
1.
2.
3.
4.
What chance does the daughter have of
having an albino offspring if she marries a
AA man?
52%
1/
3
12%
16%
¼
20%
½
0
½
1/3
¼
0
1.
2.
3.
4.
What mode of inheritance of the trait
shown in the pedigree is most likely?
Dominant
Recessive
Codominant
Sex-linked
56%
28%
Se
x
-li
nk
t
in
an
Co
do
m
Re
ce
s
siv
an
t
in
ed
8%
e
8%
Do
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
What terms describes individual #1
and #2?
Unknowns
Recessive
Codominants
Carriers
60%
20%
16%
rs
rie
Ca
r
Co
do
m
in
an
ts
e
siv
ce
s
Re
wn
s
4%
Un
kn
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
A normal human cell has 46 chromosomes.
After a cell undergoes meiosis, how many
chromosomes will the resulting cells have?
52%
40%
4%
10
0
92
4%
46
23
46
92
100
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following is an example
of sexual reproduction?
1. division of an
amoeba
2. growth of an
organism
3. fertilization of egg
by sperm
4. mitosis
100%
it o
s is
m
iza
fe
rti
l
th
ow
gr
t io
n
.. .
n
of
a
of
on
vis
i
di
0%
. ..
0%
a.
..
0%
In which organ of an animal's body
would meiosis occur?
Liver
Testes
Heart
Ovary
Both testes and
ovary
80%
16%
y
ov
ar
ry
st
e
sa
nd
Ov
a
te
Bo
th
rt
0%
He
a
st
e
s
0%
Te
er
4%
L iv
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The following pedigree is for colorblindness.
Colorblindness is a recessive sex-linked disease.
What is the genotype of Individual #1?
2
1
c
c
1. X X
2. XcY
3. cc
4. XCY64%
20%
12%
XC
Y
cc
Xc
Y
Xc
X
c
4%