Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Marine habitats wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on oceans wikipedia , lookup
Deep sea fish wikipedia , lookup
Marine biology wikipedia , lookup
Marine pollution wikipedia , lookup
The Marine Mammal Center wikipedia , lookup
Sea in culture wikipedia , lookup
Integrated assessment and ecosystem overviews Leonie Dransfeld Marine Institute, Ireland For International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Integrated assessment and ecosystem overviews: Integrated Assessment Ecosystem Overviews North Sea: WGINOSE Baltic Sea: WGIAB Western Waters: WGEAWESS WKECOVER Aim of Ecosystem Descriptions Progress towards the delivery of integrated advice and regional assessments by ICES. Potential problems with ecosystem overviews • A lot of information • Difficult for the end user Clear definitions Who is the audience? What is the role of the ecosystem overviews? Clear criteria Who is the audience? Internal: Expert groups Advisory com Top down Users of advice External: Client commissions Bottom up Role of Ecosystem Overviews Concise and informative introduction to ecoregions considered in the ICES advice describe the location, scale, management and assessment boundaries of the ecosystem and its relationship with other assessment and management areas Alert expert groups to key situations within the environment and ecosystems that are expected to significantly influence their advice Describe the distribution of human activity and resultant pressure (in space and time) on the environment and ecosystem Summarise trends in the state of the ecosystem (in space and time) and comment on pressures accounting for changes in state. Living documents Proposed sections of the ecosystem overview, their purpose, audience and priority. Criteria for inclusion of material Does the proposed sub-section support one of the purposes of the overview? Has the ICES community identified a strategic reason why this section should be included in the overview? Is the information in the proposed sub-section requested as advice by a client commission? Is the information needed to support other assessments requested by client commissions? Overview structure: 1. Ecoregion description 50°N 2. Key signals within the environment and ecosystem 40°N 3. Activity and pressure 30°N 4. State 20°N 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E Regional Seas around Europe Baltic Sea Draft overviews: North-east Atlantic Ocean Iceland Sea Norwegian Sea Barents Sea Greater North Sea, incl. the Kattegat and the English Channel Celtic Seas Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast Macaronesia Mediterranean Sea Western Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea and the Central Mediterranean Sea Aegian-Levantine Sea Baltic Sea North Sea Celtic Seas Black Sea 20°E 30°E Introduction to advice Map showing boundaries of ecosystem and depth contours Show relevant management and assessment regions WKECOVER recommendations for Time of inclusion Frequency of update Responsibilities (context, data, data processing) Quality control ‘Recipe’ to support development of overview subsections Key signals-Physical and chemical oceanography Focus only on changes in time and space scales that have consequences for subsequent advice Eg Baltic Sea Eg North Sea Areal extent of hypoxia (Example map shows areal extent of hypoxia (grey), anoxia (black) and sampling stations (dots) in the Baltic Sea during autumn 2010; North Sea BT EGs: WGOOFE/WGOH Key signals in biota and biotic processes Eg North Sea Activity Maps showing frequency, density, or trends over time in the activity. Identify priorities regionally-where priority activities are those making greatest contribution to pressure. Activities to consider include: Aquaculture, Fishing, Shipping, Renewable energy, Non renewable energy, Telecons, Aggregates, Navigational dredging, Coastal infrastructure, Land-based industry, Agriculture, Tourism/ recreation, Military, Research, Desalination, Wastewater treatment, Carbon sequestration, Collecting Expert groups within/outside ICES: WGIAB, WGINOSE, WGEAWESS, SGSPATIAL, SSGHIE, WGMBRED, HELCOM, OSPAR Pressure The data in this section should show a summary of the pressures influential on the ecological status Longer term ambition for assessment of cumulative pressure from multiple activities grouped according to Annex 3 Table 2 of MSFD. Illustrative example of fishing pressure abrasion pressure map from Stelzenmuller et al 2010 Section 4 • 4.1 Biodiversity • 4.2 Non-indigenous species • 4.3 Commercially exploited fish and shellfish • 4.5 Eutrophication (Pressure in 3) • 4.6 Seabed integrity (Pressure in 3) • 4.7 Hydrological conditions • 4.8 Concentrations of contaminants in the environment and marine biota (Pressure in 3) • 4.9 Marine litter (Pressure in 3) • 4.10 Effects of introduction of energy, including underwater noise (Pressure in 3) 4.1 Biodiversity Trends in biodiversity e.g. using proposed MSFD, DCF and OSPAR/HELCOM indicators. For a range of ecosystem components, prioritising those that are linked to a manageable human pressure? Protected areas classified by level of protection Listed species Data provision and product development on spatial/temporal trends by EGs such as WGPE, WGZE, WGBE, WGMME, WGSE 4.3 Commercial Species Summary of stock status in relation to reference points for populations of all commercially exploited fish and shellfish drawing on single-species advice Fish stock summaries currently provided by Secretariat are a good start Proportion and numbers of species, by groups for which trends in state and abundance/ fishing pressure are known (e.g. WKLIFE categories) What are the next steps? Section 1 developed for all ecoregions in 2013 Priority for ICES to make progress with developing Section 2 for advice in 2013 Sections 3 and 4 more longer-term Review by the Regional Integrated Assessment Groups and the Regional Expert Groups (fish stock assessment) Input from WGECO- comment on structure and process Working Group on Operational Oceanographic Products for fisheries and environment (WGOOFE), Working Group on Oceanic Hydrography (WGOH) and Expert Groups focusing on ecosystem components: e.g. zooplankton, mammals, birds) for contributions to the ecosystem overviews throughout 2013. The Workshop on update and calculation of the DCF indicators (WKIND)