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Yr 10 Chemistry The Atom Starter Pick the odd one out…….. PROTON NEUTRON ELECTRON Objectives TO KNOW the meaning of terms atomic number and atomic mass TO BE ABLE to draw the electron configuration of elements TO UNDERSTAND how the periodic table is arranged according to this configuration. Revision The 3 sub-atomic particles all have different properties. You need to learn these properties. Name of Particle Mass Charge Position Proton 1 Positive (+) nucleus Neutron 1 Neutral (0) nucleus Electron 1/1840 Negative (-) outside nucleus Revision An atom is made of 3 types of particle. In the nucleus of the atom PROTONS (negatively Charged) NEUTRONS (no charge) ELECTRONS (Moving around outside the nucleus. Negatively charged) Periodic Table The elements in the Periodic table are arranged in order of their atomic number. Atomic Number The Atomic Number is the number of PROTONS in an atom. 24 Mg It is shown in the Periodic table. 12 (always the smaller number) Each different element has a different number of protons in its nucleus. Mg 24 12 Al 27 13 Si 28 14 The structure of the atom Particle Proton Relative Mass 1 Relative Charge 1 Neutron Electron 1 0 0 -1 MASS NUMBER (A) = number of protons + number of neutrons SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER (Z) = number of protons For a NEUTRAL ATOM, the number of electrons = the number of protons Electron Shells Electrons occupy shells around the nucleus of an atom. Each shell can hold different numbers of electrons before it is full. 1st shell can hold 2 electrons 2nd shell can hold 8 electrons 3rd shell can hold 8 electrons 4th shell can hold 18 electrons The shells MUST be filled up from the centre outwards. The Electrons in Carbon The Electrons in Neon The Electrons in Silicon Electrons in Phosphorus The Electrons in Argon The Electrons in Sodium The Electrons in Fluorine The Electrons in Aluminium The Electrons in Nitrogen The Electrons in Sulfur