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DNA and Protein Synthesis
1/21 Warm-up
amino
The building blocks of proteins are ______
______.
acids
Imagine you are in your room (without any
electronic devices). You have a written
message you must give your friend, but you
cannot leave your room. How will you get
that message to your friend?
1/22 Warm-up
Fill out the Venn diagram, glue in your
journal.
DNA Sequence: T-A-C-A-G-C-G-C-G-A-A-A-C-T-T-G-G-C-T-T-T-G-G-T-A-A-C-A-T-C
mRNA Codon:
Amino Acid:
tRNA
DNA TRIPLET
mRNA CODON
AMINO ACID attached to
tRNA ANTICODON
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
AA:
tRNA:
DNA TripletTACAGCGCGAAACTTGGCTTTGGTAACATC
mRNA CodonAA (Amino Acid)
tRNA (Anitcodon)-
1/24 Warm-up
x
V
W
w
1/29 Warm-Up
• Get out one sheet of notebook paper
• # 1-15
• Only thing on your desk should be journal
and sheet of notebook paper!
1/27 Warm-up
Nucleotide
Deoxyribose
Sugar
Nucleotides are made of….
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogen Base
The sugar in DNA is…
Deoxyribose
Nitrogen Bases-DNA
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Scientists to Know
Pg. 255
Rosalind Franklin (4th Paragraph)
-What did she study?
-What did the photos suggest?
Watson and Crick (Last Paragraph)
-What did Watson observe?
-What did he immediately know?
-What did Watson and Crick complete? What year?
Chargaff (2nd Paragraph)
-What did he find?
-Give an example
-What is Chargaff’s rule?
Rosalind Franklin
• Studied x-ray diffraction to determine the
structure of DNA
Chargaff’s Rule
Base pairing rule A-T C-G
DNA Replication
Top of Pg.257
- Each cell needs to pass exact ______ of DNA
to ________ cells (when cells divide).
- Each strand can be used to make the other
________.
- This is referred to as __________.
- Example: (Please write the complementary strand
to): TTAGACGTA
AATCTGCAT
DNA replication
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teV62zr
m2P0 (Pre-AP)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiR
w1PdU
ReplicationProcess
Start at #4 Pg.258
The enzyme Helicase (#4)
-unwinds and ________the double ______
strand of ________.
-This process is referred to as _______
-The unzipping breaks the _______ bonds
The enzyme DNA Polymerase
- Adds free-floating _________ one at a
time to the exposed bases (#5)
- If there are no mistakes, the result is
________ identical copies of DNA (#6)
Open-Note Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Name the three components of a nucleotide.
Adenine pairs with _________
Guanine pairs with _________
The complimentary strand of TACGGT is ________.
_________ is the scientist who used x-rays to study DNA.
_________ is the scientist who found nitrogen bases occur in
the same proportion.
7. _______ and ______ are the two scientists credited with the
discovery of the DNA Structure.
8. The enzyme that “unzips” DNA is __________.
9. Organism’s must pass __________ copies of DNA to
daughter cells (cell division)
10. _____________ is the enzyme that adds nucleotides in DNA
replication.
Open Note Quiz-PreAP
1. Name the three components of a nucleotide.
2. What molecule transfers heredity info from one
generation to the next?
3. _________ is the scientist who found nitrogen bases
occur in the same proportion (A-T, C-G).
4. Nitrogen bases are attached to what molecule?
5. Molecules that end in “ase” are proteins
called_______.
6. The enzyme that “unzips” DNA is __________.
7. _____________ is the enzyme that adds nucleotides
in DNA replication.
8. The complimentary strand of TACGGT is ________.
9. Organism’s must pass __________ copies of DNA
to daughter cells (cell division)
10. Replication occurs in the _________ of the cell.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Pg. 325
One of the most important functions of DNA is to
provide instructions for making proteins
DNA is too large to leave the__Nucleus_____.
The DNA uses another molecule known as
_mRNA______ to help make _Proteins_______.
Differences of RNA and DNA (3rd Paragraph)
-RNA has the sugar _Ribose______.
-RNA _Can____ (can or cannot) leave the
nucleus
-RNA has _Uacil______(U), while DNA has
Thymine (T)
-RNA is __single_____ strand, while DNA is
_double______ strands
Types of RNA
Pg. 326 (1st paragraph)
1. mRNA
-__Single_____(single or double?) strand
-hold the DNA message for creating
_protein______.
-made in Transcription, when it copies the
__DNA_____ code
-breaks away from DNA, and travels to the
_Ribosome________
Codons
Pg 326 (#5)
Codons
- separated into groups of _Three________.
example: (copy the example below)
-mRNA: AUCGCCUUC
AUC/GCC/UUC
Now look at the amino acid chart of Pg. 327
-AUC= Isolecuine
-GCC=? Alanine
-UUC=? Phe
Types of RNA
Pg 326 (2nd paragraph)
2. tRNA
-reads the mRNA (codon) sequence, and
assembles __amino_____ _acids_____
into chains of proteins.
Protein Synthesis
Step 1 Transcription (pg 329)
-copies DNA into a complimentary strand
of mRNA
-copy the example:
DNA strand: TAC GGT AAT GTG CAG
mRNA strand: AUG CCA UUA CAC GUC
*notice the U replaces T in RNA
Protein Synthesis
Step 2 Translation (Pg. 330)
-The mRNA code is translated into a
__Protein________.
Copy summary @ the top of 331.
Glue picture of Protein Synthesis and
condon chart into your journals. Title:
Protein Synthesis in Cell.
Protein Synthesis
Mutations Clips
Protein Synthesis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkP
EAo
Mutation
http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlife
andgenetics/geneticmutations/
Open Note Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
DNA is too large to leave the _________.
RNA is made with ________ sugar.
_______ replaces thymine in RNA.
_______ copies the message from DNA to make
proteins.
mRNA is made in the _________.
Codons are separated into groups of ______.
_______ carries amino acids to the ribosome.
______ _____ link together to make proteins.
In translation, mRNA is translated into ________.
__________ is the process where mRNA copies
DNA’s recipe to make a protein.
Open-Note Quiz Pre-AP
1. _______ copies the message from DNA to make
proteins.
2. _______ carries amino acids to the ribosome.
3. RNA is made with ________ sugar.
4. _______ replaces thymine in RNA.
5. ________ is the process in which mRNA is
produced.
6. The process in #5 takes place in the _______.
7. _______ carries amino acids to the ribosome.
8. ______ _____ link together to make proteins.
9. In translation, mRNA is translated into the molecule
__________.
10. ________ are the 3 nitrogen bases on the mRNA
that the “Met” tRNA docks upon?