* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Plants
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Ecology of Banksia wikipedia , lookup
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
Plant secondary metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Gartons Agricultural Plant Breeders wikipedia , lookup
History of herbalism wikipedia , lookup
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus) wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Venus flytrap wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Perovskia atriplicifolia wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable landscaping wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant Interactions with the Environment Plant Evolution: How have plants adapted over time to survive in different environments? Bryophytes: Mosses Have cuticle & stomata, but no true roots Water is required for fertilization Fertilization occurs with spores Non- Seed Plants: Produce spores Can be vascular or non-vascular, but have no true roots All vascular have xylem and phloem Whisk ferns, horse tails, club and ferns are vascular non-seeded Horse Tails Ferns Seed Plants Gymnosperms and Angiosperms produce seeds more effective than spores cones, flowers, pollen and seeds are adaptations that allow fertilization without water all are vascular Use xylem and Phloem Gymnosperms Angiosperms Use pollen and cones Use pollen and flowers “naked seed” plants These seeds develop inside a fruit Angiosperms are most successful because of the fruits and flowers (Evolution) Rely on wind for pollination Examples include pines, firs, spruces, junipers, cedars, cypress, and redwoods. Everyday Plant Adaptations Phototropism – Plants move towards the sunlight for more energy Gravitropism – Plants grow towards gravity for water Selective Stomata Opening and Closing – Plants Conserve Water Biome Adaptations: Rainforest Slide shaped leaves allow water to run off to prevent fungal infections Stilt root systems allow for better anchorage in shallow soil Large leaf size help plants trap sunlight so photosynthesis can occur with little available sunlight Biome Adaptations: Tundra Grow close to the ground for warmth Shallow root systems to absorb limited available water Dark pigmented plants absorb more heat Biome Adaptations: Desert Deep roots to access water stored underground Few stomates to prevent water loss Thick cuticle to prevent water loss Plant Responses Tropisms- response to external stimuli may be positive (toward the stimuli) negative (away from the stimuli) respond to hormones that cause growth, fruiting, cell division, and ripening Types of Tropisms: Gravitropism- response to gravity (stems and roots); (negative and positive) Phototropism- positive, plants grow toward light Thigmotropism- response to pressure (Venus flytrap) Nastic Movement- touch; vines attach to wall Ex - Venus Flytrap (decrease in turgor pressure) Hormones in Plants Auxin Stimulates stem growth Causes plant to grow toward the light Cytokinins Gibberellins Promotes seed and bud germination Abscisic Acid Affects root growth, stimulates cell division Inhibits growth, closes stomata, seed dormancy Ethylene Promotes fruit ripening Ripening will slow down in lower temperatures