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Viruses A person that studies viruses!! http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm Electron Microscope Characteristics • Noncellular • Contains a protein coat called the capsid • Have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA • Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell What are Viruses? Core of DNA OR RNA surrounded by a capsid (protein coat) Are they living or nonliving? LIVING NONLIVING •Contain DNA/RNA •Does not reproduce •DNA Replicates Alone, Needs a HOST in order to survive •Made of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids •Undergo mutations •Does not grow •Are not made of cells Viral Structure Bacteriophage What are the parts of the virus? Head Capsid DNA/RNA Tail Tail fibers Viral Replication (Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles) What are the life cycles of the virus? http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/viruses/lytsum.html A Virus attaches to the host and injects its DNA into the cell. B The DNA replicates in the host cell. C The parts of the virus are created. D The new viruses erupt from the host cell (cell lyses (burst)) A Virus attaches to the host and injects its DNA into the cell. B The viral DNA attaches to the host DNA. C DNA replication takes place (Interphase) D The cell undergoes mitosis E Stress causes the viral DNA to create the “weird” protein thus creating an outbreak! Lytic vs. Lysogenic • Mysterious Invaders - A Closer Look at Viruses Types of Viruses Bacterial Plant Animal Bacterial Virus • Viruses that attack bacteria are called bacteriophage or just phage Plant Virus Tobacco Mosaic Virus Animal Viruses Herpes Virus SIMPLEX I and II Adenovirus COMMON COLD Influenza Virus Chickenpox Virus Papillomavirus – Warts! Retroviruses Characteristics of Retroviruses • Contain RNA, not DNA • Contain enzyme called Reverse Transcriptase • When a retrovirus infects a cell, it injects its RNA and reverse transcriptase enzyme into the cytoplasm of that cell Retroviruses • The enzyme reverse transcriptase (or RTase), which causes synthesis of a complementary DNA molecule using virus RNA as a template Retroviruses • HIV, the AIDS virus, is a retrovirus • Feline Leukemia Virus is also a retrovirus What is a vaccine? •It is a weakened virus or the virus without its RNA/DNA. •It causes the body to react and defend.