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Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE Mental Illness and Disney: Psychosocial Perspective Shiena Brar Stenberg College 1 Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2 Psychosocial Perspective Case Study Belle is a Disney character who suffers from schizoid personality disorder. Prior to meeting her abductor, Belle lived in a village where she would often isolate herself and did not have many social relationships. Although, the movie portrays her to be a strong willed, smart and independent women, she has many of the symptoms related to schizoid personality disorder. Symptoms of schizoid personality disorder are, choosing solitary activities, avoiding or limited to any desire for sexual relationships, a few close friends; individuals may also appear to be dull, indifferent or emotionally cold (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Belle would often avoid having any contact with the other villagers and remained quite close to her father. Throughout the film, we see her constantly shying away from any social or sexual relationships that is presented. For example, Gaston pursues Belle many times over in the film and without hesitation Belle would deny him. Although it seems admirable that she refuses his requests, those suffering from a schizoid personality disorder often find they to have stronger relationship with animals and with those that are not interested in a sexual nature; this comes with no surprise since she ends up having a much more intimate relationship with the beast and the anthropomorphized teacups and footstools. When Belle sets off to locate her missing father, she finds herself at a secluded castle that houses nonhuman inhabitants and the beast; because of the non-sexual nature of these relationships, she quickly forms a stronger relationship with them than any other humans from the village. She befriends the beast quite quickly and the longer she is there, the closer she is drawn to him. Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 3 Belle is in clear need of a treatment that focuses on the client, rather the symptoms, one that is based on strengths of the individual and emphasizes interdependence (Sundeen, 2005). This is where the holistic psychosocial approach can be used. Psychosocial rehabilitation focuses on instilling hope and providing essential life skills and interventions, “aimed at long term recovery and maximization of selfsufficiency” (Sundeen, 2005, page 199). The New Freedom Commission on Mental Health defines recovery as “the process in which people are able to live, work, learn and participate fully in their communities” (as cited by Sundeen, 2005, page 200) Also, it is important to remember that recovery can either mean being able to flourish despite the symptoms of their illness, or to reduce and completely eliminate the symptoms (Sundeen, 2005). Psychosocial recovery will use the data collected from the assessment to plan and implement a set of goals that will aim at recovery and avoid a relapse. Assessment The assessment determines a client deficits and strengths; in addition to this, characteristics of mental illness, living skills assessment and social support needs are identified; this can be either family relationships or any resources within the community (Sundeen, 2005). During the initial assessment the psychiatric nurse found that Belle’s strengths included her desire to always help others and she was quite interested in education. Her deficits were that she needed therapy in relation to her lack of interest in social activities and building relationships. Belle’s family and social support includes her father and those anthropomorphized teacups and footstools; as this is a limited amount of social support, it may actually be condoning her symptoms. With that notion in mind, mental health professionals need to advocate for Belle, in attaining the appropriate Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 4 community resources that would provide her will the much needed support that’s required in PSR. Planning and Implementation PSR for schizoid personality disorder may begin with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is an evidence based psychological treatment approach that aims at changing our thoughts and behaviors towards situations by psychotherapeutic methods (Anxiety BC, 2014). Parpattos (2012) writes, “when interventions from CBT and psychodynamic therapy are blended together, they pay considerable attention in understanding and working with the conscious and unconscious beliefs, representations and defences of a client who presents with Schizoid PD”(page 48). With that being said, it is evident that Belle would benefit from CBT, as it would ensure those fundamental thoughts and behaviours related to her lack of interest in intimate would surface. Also, goal setting for Belle would help her increase her self esteem and instill hope, by achieving those goals, she is able to sustain interpersonal relationships and gain that confidence that is much needed for those suffering from personality disorders (O’Hagan et al, 2010). Throughout planning and implementation, Belle sets the goal to join a community gathering that would help her increase her socialization skills. As Sundeen (2005) illustrates, “social skills training uses cognitive and behavioral techniques to help people gain the knowledge and skills they need to live in the community” (page 208). Moreover, this can include, holding conversation, establishing and maintaining friendships, [and] dating…” (Sundeen, 2005, page 208). This is extremely vital for Belle, as it will give her the living skills she needs to manage her illness. Regarding Belle’s Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 5 aspirations for helping others and educating herself, she has set the goal to join a night class for community social work. Evaluation As evaluation focuses on the effectiveness of the goals Belle set for herself in relation to community services, she provides a journal detailing her interactions at the local bowling team she joined and how she is improving in her night classes. She was able to begin communicating with her peers and is now participating in social functions, outside the bowling and night classes. Furthermore. Yalom (2005) states, “self-disclosure is absolutely essential in the group therapeutic process” (p. 130). Belle is beginning to demonstrate self disclosure in her CBT sessions and with her interpersonal relationships. This is evident by her disclosing her feelings of she how was able to relate to the anthropomorphized teacups and footstools, as well as the beast so quickly. In her sessions she stated, “because they do not want an intimate relationship with me, there is not pressure for me to get married and leave my father”, this is clear evidence of her entering her subconscious and surfacing her inner thoughts. Conclusion Psychosocial rehabilitation aims at providing essential life skills and goals that are required for anyone to live a fulfilling life, regardless of their limitations. As for Belle, she is suffering from schizoid personality disorder, which is contributing to her lack of intimate relationships and a driving factor in her relationships with nonhuman objects. It is evident that by using the concepts related to PSR, assessment, planning and implementation, she would be able to alleviate her symptoms and still flourish in the community. 6 Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE References Mayo Clinic. (2014). Schizoaffective disorder. Diseases and Conditions. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffectivedisorder/basics/symptoms/con-20029221 O’Hagan, M., Cyr, C., McKee, H. & Priest, R. (2010). Making the case for peer support. Mental Health Commission of Canada. Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/system/files/private/document/PS _Making_the_Case_for_Peer_Support_Report_ENG.pdf Parpottas, P. (2012). A critique on the use of standard psychopathological classifications in understanding human distress: The example of 'schizoid personality disorder'. Counselling Psychology Review, 27(1), 44-52. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=720655 31&site=ehost-live Sundeen, S. J. (2005). Recovery support. In Stuart, G (Eds.), Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing (9 ed.) (pp. 199 – 214). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Inc. Yalom, I.D. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th Ed.). Cambridge, MA: Basic Books Publishing Running head: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 7