Download 1. MUSLIMS had conquered portions of Europe and most of the

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns during the
Middle Ages against the Muslims of the Middle East.
Jerusalem was also extremely important for the Muslims as
Muhammad, the founder of the Muslim faith, had been
there.
In 1076, the Muslims had captured Jerusalem - the most
holy of holy places for Christians.
There was great joy in the Muslim world when Jerusalem
was captured.
Jesus had been born in nearby Bethlehem and Jesus had
spent most of his life in Jerusalem. He was crucified on
Calvary Hill, also in Jerusalem. There was no more
important place on Earth than Jerusalem for a true
Christian which is why Christians called Jerusalem the
"City of God".
Therefore the Christians fought to get Jerusalem back while
the Muslims fought to keep Jerusalem.
A beautiful mosque - called the Dome of the Rock - was
built on the rock where Muhammad was said to have sat
and prayed and it was so holy that no Muslim was allowed
to tread on the rock or touch it when visiting the Dome.
1.
MUSLIMS had conquered portions of Europe
and most of the Mediterranean area including
the HOLY LAND
2.
Beginning in the 8th century, European
nations began to recapture their lands,
beginning with the RECONQUEST in Spain
3.
In 1095, POPE URBAN II appealed to the
nobility of Europe to recapture the Holy Land
in PALESTINE
These wars were to last nearly 200 years.
1
A Time line of the Crusades
1096
1096 to
1147 to
1189 to
1201 to
1212
1218 to
1228 to
1248 to
1270
1099
1149
1192
1204
1221
1229
1254
The Peasants Crusade
The First Crusade
The Second Crusade
The Third Crusade
The Fourth Crusade
Children’s Crusade
The Fifth Crusade
The Sixth Crusade
The Seventh Crusade
The Eighth Crusade
PEASANT CRUSADE was led by PETER THE
HERMIT
It was the first to respond to the Pope’s request
No planning, money, equipment, training
Most were trapped in Asia Minor and wiped out
by the Muslims
FIRST CRUSADES (10961099) succeeded in
capturing JERUSALEM
Established the four
CRUSADER STATES in
Asia Minor
County of Edessa
SECOND CRUSADE was defeated
by SALADIN,
SALADIN who led the Muslim
forces in recapturing the Crusader
States and Jerusalem
Principality of Antioch
County of Tripoli
Kingdom of Jerusalem
2
Led by Richard the Lionheart,
King Philip of France, and the
Frederick Barbarossa, Holy
Roman Emperor
Royal rivalry doomed the
crusade
The elderly Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick I Barbarossa responded to
the call immediately by taking up
the Cross at Mainz Cathedral on
March 27, 1188
He was the first to set out for the
Holy Land in May of 1189 with an
army of about 15,000 men,
including 3,000 knights
The emperor's body was
taken to Antioch where it
was boiled to remove the
flesh, which was interred in
the Church of St. Peter; his
bones were put in a bag to
continue the crusade. In
Tyre, his bones were buried.
On June 10,
1190, Frederick
was thrown
from his horse
in the crossing
of the Saleph
River and
drowned.
In 1202, stopped and sacked
Constantinople
They never reached the Holy
Land
3
Loss of papal prestige
Decline in the power of the nobility
Increase in trade
Wider worldview
4