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Transcript
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns during the Middle Ages against the Muslims of the Middle East. Jerusalem was also extremely important for the Muslims as Muhammad, the founder of the Muslim faith, had been there. In 1076, the Muslims had captured Jerusalem - the most holy of holy places for Christians. There was great joy in the Muslim world when Jerusalem was captured. Jesus had been born in nearby Bethlehem and Jesus had spent most of his life in Jerusalem. He was crucified on Calvary Hill, also in Jerusalem. There was no more important place on Earth than Jerusalem for a true Christian which is why Christians called Jerusalem the "City of God". Therefore the Christians fought to get Jerusalem back while the Muslims fought to keep Jerusalem. A beautiful mosque - called the Dome of the Rock - was built on the rock where Muhammad was said to have sat and prayed and it was so holy that no Muslim was allowed to tread on the rock or touch it when visiting the Dome. 1. MUSLIMS had conquered portions of Europe and most of the Mediterranean area including the HOLY LAND 2. Beginning in the 8th century, European nations began to recapture their lands, beginning with the RECONQUEST in Spain 3. In 1095, POPE URBAN II appealed to the nobility of Europe to recapture the Holy Land in PALESTINE These wars were to last nearly 200 years. 1 A Time line of the Crusades 1096 1096 to 1147 to 1189 to 1201 to 1212 1218 to 1228 to 1248 to 1270 1099 1149 1192 1204 1221 1229 1254 The Peasants Crusade The First Crusade The Second Crusade The Third Crusade The Fourth Crusade Children’s Crusade The Fifth Crusade The Sixth Crusade The Seventh Crusade The Eighth Crusade PEASANT CRUSADE was led by PETER THE HERMIT It was the first to respond to the Pope’s request No planning, money, equipment, training Most were trapped in Asia Minor and wiped out by the Muslims FIRST CRUSADES (10961099) succeeded in capturing JERUSALEM Established the four CRUSADER STATES in Asia Minor County of Edessa SECOND CRUSADE was defeated by SALADIN, SALADIN who led the Muslim forces in recapturing the Crusader States and Jerusalem Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli Kingdom of Jerusalem 2 Led by Richard the Lionheart, King Philip of France, and the Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor Royal rivalry doomed the crusade The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa responded to the call immediately by taking up the Cross at Mainz Cathedral on March 27, 1188 He was the first to set out for the Holy Land in May of 1189 with an army of about 15,000 men, including 3,000 knights The emperor's body was taken to Antioch where it was boiled to remove the flesh, which was interred in the Church of St. Peter; his bones were put in a bag to continue the crusade. In Tyre, his bones were buried. On June 10, 1190, Frederick was thrown from his horse in the crossing of the Saleph River and drowned. In 1202, stopped and sacked Constantinople They never reached the Holy Land 3 Loss of papal prestige Decline in the power of the nobility Increase in trade Wider worldview 4