Download Recognition by innate immunity: What is recognized by innate cells

Recognition by innate immunity:
What is recognized by innate cells?
Which molecules may serve as danger signals and which receptors can recognize these signals?
What are PAMPs and what are DAMPs?
Which types of PPRs are localized on the cell surface, on the endosomal membrane and in the
cytosol?
What are the ligands of the intracellular and the cell surface TLR receptors?
What are the two major signaling pathways activated by TLRs?
Based on which characteristics are NOD-like receptors devided into subgroups?
In which cellular processes are these receptors involved?
What is an inflammasome?
Which receptors are viral sensors?
Which receptors are able to recognize the viral nucleic acid in the endosome?
Which are cytosolic nucleic acid recognizing receptors?
What is their response when they detect foreign nucleic acid?
Where are the following receptors located and what do they recognized?
-
N-formil-met-leu-phe receptors
DC-SIGN, Dectin, mannóz receptorok
Scavenger receptorok
Which are extracellular PRRs and what is their function?
Antiviral state:
How do human cells sense that they become infected with a virus?
How do type I IFNs regulate the immune response?
What is the main function of the plasmacytoid dendritic cells?
List the major functions of NK cells! What type of receptors do they express?
What is the ligand of the CD94:NKG2A receptor, NKG2D receptor and CD16 receptor?
What is prerequisite of NK cell activation?
What can perforin and granzyme act on a target cell?
What is the “missing-self” hypothesis?
The complement system. Characteristics and function:
What are the major pathways and components of the complement system?
What are the activators of the complement system?
Which molecules take part in the initiation/recognition, in the early and in the late phase of the
complement activation?
Which are the main effector functions of complement system?
What are the anaphylatoxins?
Why the host cells are usually unharmed by the immune system?
Give examples of the positive regulation in the complement system.
Give examples of the negative regulation in the complement system. How do they work?
-
C1 inhibitor
H-factor
C4BP
DAF
MCP
CD59
What are the consequences of deficiency of the classical pathway proteins (C1-3)?
What are the consequences of deficiency of the terminal components (C7-9)?
What are the consequences of deficiencies affecting the inhibitors of the complement system?
-C1 inhibitor
-DAF
-CD59
Acute inflammation
What is acute inflammation?
What can be the trigger for its initiation and where does it occur within the host?
Describe the most important vascular and cellular events!
Which are the major symptoms and why do they develop?
Which kind of cells and receptors are involved in sensing infections and tissue damage?
What does the term “exudates” mean?
Describe the steps of extravasation of the neutrophils! How do they kill and degrade the engulfed
microbes?
What are the killing mechanisms of neutrophils?
What is pus?
Describe the kinetics of vascular and cellular events during acute inflammation!
What are the functions of classically or alternatively activated macrophages?
What can be the function of matrix metalloproteinases in the development of acute inflammation?
Which are the most important inflammatory cytokines? What are their local and systemic effects?
Describe the acute phase response! Which are the major proteins involved and what are their
functions?
What are the principal cell-derived and plasma protein mediators in acute inflammation?
What can be the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?