Download Simple Sentences

By:
Casio, Mariel C.
Pacas, Trina D.
Vacunawa. Mark P.
TOPICS
Grammatically correct sentences
Subject-Verb Agreement
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Clever Language Topics cont…
Consistent Tense of Verbs
Simple Sentences
Compound Sentences
TOPIC 1
SENTENCES
SENTENCE
A group of words with two main parts: a
complete subject and a complete
predicate.
* Together these parts express a
complete thought.
SENTENCE
Subject:
• The topic of the sentence;
• It names the person, concept, or thing
the sentence is talking about;
• About which something is stated, asked,
ordered, or exclaimed by the use of
finite verb.
SENTENCE
Predicate:
• What is said of the subject means “to
say or declare”;
• It is the action, state or condition which
is stated, asked ordered, or exclaimed
by the use of finite verb.
Subject and Predicate
He wandered around in search of his
wallet.
Subject: He
Predicate: Wandered around …
Subject and Predicate
The butterfly with the golden wings
landed.
Subject: The butterfly…
Predicate: landed
Subject and Predicate
The tall pine trees swayed in the wind.
Subject: The tall pine trees
Predicate: swayed in the wind
Subject and Predicate
The Bermuda Triangle lies between
Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico
Subject: The Bermuda Triangle
Predicate: lies between…
ACTIVITY
Recognizing Complete Subject and
Predicates
TOPIC 2
SUBJECT-VERB
AGREEMENT
Subject-Verb Agreement
To make a subject and a verb agree,
make sure that both are singular or that
both are plural.
There are certain rules to follow to make
the subject and the verb agree with
each other.
Rules # 1
Nouns in plural form but singular in
meaning take a singular verb.
Examples:
a. Statistics is my favorite subject.
b. Measles attacks the whole town.
Rules # 2
Plural titles of the books, periodicals,
films, and the like takes a singular verb.
Examples:
a. Great expectations is our favorite.
b. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective
People is is my favorite book.
Rules # 3
Use do for plural subjects and does for
singular subjects. But be sure that the
main verb of the sentence is in its base
form.
Rules # 3
Examples:
a. She doesn’t even want salt and sugar
to scatter all over the pantry.
b. Does your office have any frame or
design?
c. We don’t have any hi-tech office
equipment.
Rules # 4
Fractions and percentage attached to
non-count nouns take a singular verb;
fractions and percentage attached to
count nouns take a plural verb.
Rules # 4
Examples:
a. Half of the land was given to my
brother.
b. Only a fraction of those desks are
bought in the lowlands.
c. Two-thirds of the sand is not enough.
Rules # 4
Examples:
d. Two-thirds of the units have
exploded.
e. Sixty percent of the registered
voters are expected to vote this coming
elections.
f. Sixty percent of the land is forest.
Rules # 5
Periods of time, measurement, rate,
amount, price, and weighs take a
singular verb.
Rules # 5
Examples:
a. Its size is 12 square meters.
b. Six days is too short for this project.
c. Three hundred pesos per hour is my
rate in the tutorial service.
Rules # 5
Examples:
d. Fifteen thousand pesos is very
inexpensive for this table.
e. This is 10 kilos of sugar.
f. I think 40 hours was spent to complete
third year’s sales report.
Rules # 6
Collective noun regarded as one unit or
acting as one takes a singular verb.
Collective noun regarded as separate
units or acting separately takes a plural
verb.
Rules # 6
Examples:
a. The board has decided to fire the
corporate secretary.
b. The board have argued about the
issue of firing the secretary
Rules # 6
Examples:
c. The council has approved the
passing of the ordinance.
d. The council are dividing themselves
on the divorce issue.
Rules # 6
Note: if the verb in a statement implies
agreement (e.g. decided, agreed,
approved), the collective noun is
considered singular.
Rules # 6
Note: if the verb in a statement implies
disagreement (e.g. divided, argued,
debated), the collective noun is
considered plural.
Rules # 7
Compound subjects connected by and
generally take a plural verb. However, if
the compounded subjects refer to the
same person, thing, or idea, use a
singular vern.
Rules # 7
Examples:
a. My classmate and my friend are with
me.
b. My classmate and friend is with me.
Rules # 7
Examples:
c. The secretary and the minute-taker
are present today.
d. The secretary and minute-taker is
present today.
Rules # 8
Compound subjects joined by not
only…but also and both…and take a
plural verb
Rules # 8
Examples:
a. Not only boys but also girls are
entitled to scholarship.
b. Both you and I have the chance to be
promoted.
Rules # 9
Multiple Subjects – Words or phrases
(together with, as well as, in addition
to, including, with, plus and
accompanied by) added to a singular
subject do not make it plural.
Rules # 9
Examples:
a. The table, together with its chairs,
costs PhP 150, 000.00.
b. My friend, as well as my enemies, has
supported my ideas.
c. James, in addition to Jericho and
Greg, was sent off.
Rules # 10
Neither…nor and either … or follow the
proximity rule. Meaning, the verb must
agree with the subject nearest to the
verb.
Rules # 10
Examples:
a. Neither Mario nor Jolo plays guitar.
b. Neither Mario nor his friends play
guitar.
c. During weekends, either the janitors or
guard does the cleaning.
Rules # 10
Examples:
d. Either Anton or Badong is going to
perform the task.
** Further, when either and neither are
used without or and nor,respectively, a
singular verb is needed
Rules # 10
Examples:
a. Neither of them plays guitar.
b. Either of them is going to perform the
task.
c. Not Carlos but my friends perform
every Sunday in the City.
Rules # 11
Few and Less/A Little; Many and Much
– use few for count nouns and less/a
little for noncount nouns. Hence, use
singular verb for less and plural verb for
few.
Rules # 11
Use many for count nouns and much for
noncount nouns. Hence, use a singular
verb for much and plural verb for many.
Rules # 11
Examples:
a. For the size of our office, few
computers are enough.
b. A little effort is needed to clean it.
c. Less sugar was added to my coffee.
Rules # 11
Examples:
d. Many are called but few are chosen.
e. Much has been said about the issue of
divorce.
Rules # 12
Some and all take a singular verb if
followed by a noncount noun and plural
if followed by a count noun.
Rules # 12
Examples:
a. Some people are desperate to live.
b. Some mayonnaise was spread on the
sandwich.
c. I’m sure all your desks are imported.
Rules # 12
Examples:
d. Almost all of them are from the
Philippines.
e. My mother is very organized that’s why
all salt is tightly covered.
Rules # 13
Indefinite pronouns like every, each,
everyone, everybody, everything,
nobody, nothing, no one, anyone,
anybody, anything, someone,
somebody, and something takes a
singular verb.
Rules # 13
Examples:
a. No one of my staff wants to give
advice.
b. Each man and woman has the right
to vote.
c. Nobody wants to be lonely.
Rules # 12
Examples:
d. Everyone is really busy during
weekends.
e. If somebody calls, tell him I’m not
home.
f. Everybody is allowed to enter the
room.
Rules # 14
Adjectives used as a subject take a plural
verb.
Example:
a. The organized are always well liked.
b. The hardworking are rewarded.
c. The poor get poorer, and the rich get
richer.
Rules # 15
The use of none is probably the most
confusing part in the subject-verb
agreement. However, survey says that
when none refers to noncount nouns,
use a singular verb. But when none
refers to count nouns, use either a
plural or singular verb.
Rules # 15
Example:
a. None of my childrenwants/want to
give advice.
b. None of the water was toxic.
Rules # 15
The use of none is probably the most
confusing part in the subject-verb
agreement. However, survey says that
when none refers to noncount nouns,
use a singular verb. But when none
refers to count nouns, use either a
plural or singular verb.
Rules # 15
Example:
a. None of my children wants/want to
give advice.
b. None of the water was toxic.
Rules # 16
Nouns occurring in sets of two take a
singular when the noun pair is used but
take a plural when the noun pair is not
used – regardless of whether one pair
or more is being referred to.
Rules # 16
Example:
a. A pair of shoes is ruined by the flood.
b. A pair of pants was bought from the
mall.
c. Theses shoes are not so clean.
d. Danilo’s pants are from Hong Kong.
Rules # 17
Majority and Minority take a singular
verb when they mean abstract or
generic. They take plural verb when
used to refer to explicit set of specific
persons.
Rules # 17
Example:
a. Majority of the frames were bought in
Cebu.
b. The great majority is against the
legislative bill.
c. The senate majority was against the
bill.
Rules # 18
The Number vs. A Number. Use singular
verb for the Number and plural verb for
a number.
Rules # 18
Example:
a. The number of people killed in the
landslide was 145.
b. A number of people are waiting for
the arrival of the President.
Rules # 19
When using the phrase one of the , the
verb agrees with the antecedent of the
relative pronoun.
Rules # 19
Example:
a. One of the students who were
arrested because of riot is Enrico.
b. One of the policemen who were in
the scene was Enrico’s brother.
Activity 2
TOPIC 3
CONSISTENT TENSE
OF VERBS
Verb
Is a part of speech (or word class) that
describes an action or occurrence or
indicates a state of being.
Example:
sleep, conquer, step
judge, watch,
sing,
etc…
Verb Tense
3 Main Tenses of Verb
1. Simple Tense
2. Perfect Tense
3. Progressive Tense
Simple Tense
Includes the simple past, simple present
and simple future.
Simple Tense Uses
To express general ideas, relationships,
and truths.
To describe habitual actions
To describe mental perceptions or
emotions
Simple Tense Uses
To express possession or personal
relationship
To establish the time frame and the
moment of focus.
Simple Tense Examples
Families will always be important to
most of us.
People once believed the earth was flat.
Mark has three brothers.
Perfect Tense
Perfect tense of verbs are formed by
have (has, have, had, will have) +
past participle verb –ed or irregular
form).
Perfect Tense Uses
To describe events that happen before
the moment of focus.
To describe events that started in the
past and continue to be true in the
present. This contrasts with the use of
simple past.
Perfect Tense Uses
To describe events that the speaker
believes are relevant to the moment of
focus.
Perfect Tense Examples
To date, Mark has taken five days off
from work for vacation.
By this time tomorrow, even more acres
of the rain forest will have been
destroyed.
Progressive Tense
Progressive tense of verbs include a form
of be + a present participle (verb+-ing)
Progressive Tense Uses
To describe actions already in progress
at the moment of focus.
To describe actions at the moment of
focus in contrast to habitual actions.
To express repeated actions.
Progressive Tense Uses
To describe temporary situations in
contrast to permanent states.
To describe periods of time in contrast
to points of time.
To express uncompleted actions.
Progressive Tense Examples
When Mark gets home from work,
Hannah is often studying.
Eric usually goes out to eat on Fridays.
This Friday, however, he is cooking at
home.
Activity 3
TOPIC 4
PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT
AGREEMENT
Pronoun
A pronoun is a word used to take the
place of a noun. Pronouns are important
in daily interaction. They shorten and
make the sentence reader-friendly.
Pronoun and their Antecedents
1. Avoid double antecedents.
double antecedent means that there
are two possible antecedents for a
pronoun. This error could be corrected:
a. by repeating the antecedent;
b. using a synonym for the antecedent;
or
c. changing the sentence construction
Vague: If the doll does not fit the box,
adjust it
Clear: Adjust the doll if it does not fit the
box.
Vague: Carlo told his father that he had
lost his tie.
Clear: Carlo told his father that he, Carlo,
had lost his father’s tie.
Pronoun and their Antecedents cont…
2. Avoid missing antecedents
missing antecedent means that no
antecedent is being referred to by the
pronoun. This could be corrected:
a. by providing each noun a specific
and clearly expressed antecedent; or
b. replacing the pronoun with a noun.
Vague: In his school, they do not have
any swimming pool.
Clear: His school does not have any
swimming pool.
Pronoun and their Antecedents cont…
3. Place the pronouns who, which, and
that immediately after the noun they
are referring to.
Vague: I found a candy in my bag, which I
ate.
Clear: I ate the candy, which I found in my
bag.
Pronoun and their Antecedents cont…
4. Avoid broad reference
Broad reference means that
pronouns like it, this, and that refer to
the whole sentence.
Vague: The government has constructed
housing units of low-salaried
employees. This ism indeed,
commendable.
Clear: The government has constructed
housing units for low-salaried
employees. This project, is indeed
commendable
Pronoun and their Antecedents cont…
5. Make the number of the pronoun
agree with its antecedent
particularly in formal context,
Vague: Everybody wants to submit their
proposal.
Clear: Everybody wants to submit his/her
proposal.
TOPIC 5
SIMPLE SENTENCES
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence has the most basic
elements that make it a sentence: a
subject, a verb, and a completed
thought.
A simple sentence has one independent
clause and expresses one idea.
Simple Sentences Examples
A friend of mine plays chess with me.
The forward with the knee brace made
ten baskets.
Students going on the trip left early this
morning.
Simple Sentences Examples cont…
The frightened witnesses wrote reports for
the police.
The boxes under the sink is empty.
The weary commuters were angry about
the delay.
TOPIC 6
COMPOUND
SENTENCES
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence refers to a
sentence made up of two independent
clauses (or complete sentences)
connected to one another with
a coordinating conjunction.
Coordinating Conjunctions
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
Simple Sentences Examples
Joe waited for the train, but the train was
late.
I looked for Mary and Samantha at the
bus station, but they arrived at the
station before noon and left on the bus
before I arrived.
Simple Sentences Examples
Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus
station before noon, and they left on the
bus before I arrived.
Mary and Samantha left on the bus
before I arrived, so I did not see them at
the bus station.
References (book)
Vallamin, A. et al.(2005). Skill Builders for Efficient
Readers. Phoenix Publishing House.
Cruz, Isagani, A., Quiason, Camilo D.(2001).
Fundamentals of English Grammar. Manila: RexBook Store Inc.
Barrot, Jessie S.(2011). Grammar First: A Communicative
Way in Learning Grammar. Manila: RexBook Store Inc.
Watkins, Floyd C., Dillingham, William B.(1996). Practical
English handbook 10th ed. Illinois: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Forlini,G., Bauer, M.B., Biener, L., Capo, L., Kenyon, K.M.,
Shaw, D.H., Verner, Z.(2009). Prentice Hall: Grammar and
Composition 1. Singapore: Pearson Education Sounth Asia Pte
Ltd.
References (book) cont…
San Miguel, J.G., Barraquio, D.C.T., Revilla, R.DV.(2010).
Smart English: More than a Worktext for Grammar and Syntax.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing Inc.
Refernces (internet)
Improve Your Writing. (2014). Retrieved January 7, 2014 from
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/arts/exercises/grammar/grammar_tutori
al/page_31.htm
Straus, M. Subject-Verb Agreement. Retrieved January 7, 2014
from
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectverbagree.asp
Sentences. (2014). Retrieved January 7, 2014 from
https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/4_WritingSkills/writin
g_tuts/sentences_LL/simple.html
Refernces (internet) cont…
English Composition 1. (2014). Retrieved January 6, 2014, from
http://www2.ivcc.edu/rambo/eng1001/sentences.htm
Pronoun- Antecedent Agreement. (2014). Retrieved January 6,
2014 from http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/pronante.html
Usage - Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement. (2014). Retrieved
January 6, 2014 from
http://www.towson.edu/ows/pro_antagree.htm
Verb Tense Consistency. (2014). Retrieved January 7, 2014 from
http://www.towson.edu/ows/tenseconsistency.htm
Improve Your Writing. (2014). Retrieved January 7, 2014 from
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/arts/exercises/grammar/grammar_tutori
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