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BIO 306
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 25 – Part II
Metabolic Control
and Nutrition
1. What is the definition of a calorie?
2. Differentiate between a calorie and a kilocalorie.
3. How many kCals are in 1 gram of each of the following:
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. fats
4. Differentiate between complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates. Give some sources of each.
5. What is the relationship between a carbohydrate, a saccharide and a sugar?
6. What are some of the functions of carbohydrates in the body?
7. What is the difference between a triglyceride and cholesterol?
8. What is a Fatty acid?
9. What is the difference between an essential Fatty acid nad a non-essential Fatty acid.
10. What are some of the functions of lipids in the body?
11. How much fat is recommended to be included in the diet?
12. What are some functions of proteins in the body? What is its main function?
13. Under what circumstances will proteins be used as energy?
14. What are some good sources of proteins?
15. What is meant by an “essential amino acid”?
16. What is meant by “basal metabolic rate” (BMR)?
17. What is the approximate average BMR?
18. What is meant by the following terms, and explain their relationship to one another.
a. Percent body fat
b. Lean body mass
c. Fat weight
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19. Define the following:
a. Positive nitrogen balance
b. Negative nitrogen balance
c. Desirable weight
d. Overweight
e. Obesity
20. Define and differentiate between the following:
a. Vitamin
b. Mineral
c. Trace element
21. Concerning Vitamin A (a.k.a. Retinal):
a. Can body cells synthesize it, and if so what is the needed starting material?
b. Why is it important?
c. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
d. What symptoms are associated with its excess?
e. What are some of the common sources of Vitamin A in the diet.
f. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
22. Concerning Vitamin D (a.k.a. Cholecalciferol)
a. Can body cells synthesize it, and if so what is the needed starting material?
b. Why is it important?
c. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
d. What symptoms are associated with its excess?
e. What are some of the common sources of Vitamin A in the diet.
f. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
23. Concerning Vitamin E
a. Why is it important?
b. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its excess?
c. What are some of the common sources of Vitamin A in the diet.
d. Is it a wate-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
24. Concerning Vitamin K
a. Why is it important?
b. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
c. What are some of the common sources of Vitamin A in the diet.
d. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
25. Concerning Pantothenic Acid
a. What is its function?
b. Where is it found?
c. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
26. Concerning Thiamine
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
What is it also known as?
What is its function?
What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
What are some of the common sources of Thiamine?
Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
27. Concerning Riboflavin
a. What is it also known as?
b. What is its function?
c. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
d. What are some of the common sources of Riboflavin?
e. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
28. Concerning Niacin
a. What is it also known as?
b. What is its function?
c. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
d. What are some of the common sources of Niacin?
e. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
29. Concerning Vitamin B6
a. What is its function?
b. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its excess?
d. What are some of the common sources of Vitamin B6?
e. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
30. Concerning Vitamin B12
a. What is it also known as?
b. What is its function?
c. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
d. What are some of the common sources of Riboflavin?
e. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
f. The absorption of Vit. B12 from the gut is dependent on what substance?
31. Concerning Folic acid
a. What is it also known as?
b. What is its function?
c. What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency? What about deficiencies during
pregnancy?
d. What are some of the common sources of Riboflavin?
e. Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
32. Concerning Ascorbic Acid
a. What is it also known as?
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b.
c.
d.
e.
What is its function?
What symptoms/diseases are associated with its deficiency?
What are some of the common sources of Riboflavin?
Is it a water-soluble or fat-soluble vitamin?
33. What percent of the body weight is composed of minerals?
34. What is the most abundant mineral in the body? Where is the majority of this mineral found?
35. Concering Calcium:
a. Where is most of it found in the body?
b. What are some of its functions?
c. What are some good sources of it?
36. Concerning Phosphorus:
a. Where is most of it found in the body?
b. What are some of its functions?
c. What are some good sources of it?
37. Concerning Potassium
a. Where is most of it found in the body?
b. What are some of its functions?
c. What are some good sources of it?
d. What are some of hte synmptoms associated with an excess of potassium?
e. What are some of the symptoms associated with a deficiency of potassium?
38. Concerning Sodium
a. Where is most of it found in the body?
b. What are some of its functions?
c. What are some good sources of it?
d. What hormone is hte main regulator of sodium balance in the body?
39. What mineral is required in all reactions that make and /or use ATP?
40. Concerning Iron
a. Where is most of it found in the body?
b. What are some of its functions?
c. What are some good sources of it?
41. Concerning Iodine
a. What gland in the body acts to “concentrate” iodine?
b. Why is it essential for the body to have a constant source of iodine?
c. What are some good sources of iodine? Does the iodine content of foods vary much ? Explain.
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