Download Part 2 - Evolutionary Biology

EXAM II 2014
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY – PART II
_____________________________
Name
________________________________
TA Name
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Lab Day & Time
Negative Points
Positive Points
Page 2
___________
_______________ 12 pts
Page 3
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_______________ 16 pts
Page 4
___________
_______________ 12 pts
Page 5
___________
_______________
10 pts
TOTAL
___________
_______________
50 pts
B. B. Fill in the blank with the best answer. Be as specific as possible.
(1 pt each)
__________
1. What do we call genes that control a cluster of other genes during embryological
development?
__________
2. Name a plant that lacks xylem or phloem.
__________
3. What do we call the relationship when two species interact, each one modifying the evolution
of the other? E.g. myxoma virus and rabbits in Australia.
__________
4. What is the process called when a plastid is passed from one bacterium to another?
__________
5. What is the byproduct of photosynthesis in blue green bacteria?
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6. What kind of point mutation could lead to a frame-shift?
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7. If a skin cell of an animal usually has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would its
sperm cell have?
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8. Where is O2 used in the eukaryotic cell?
9-12 Using the following chart (where + indicates having a particular trait, and 0 indicates not having a
particular trait), place labeled tick marks appropriately on the tree below.
Hair
Placenta
Binocular Vision
Rumination
Frilled Lizard
0
0
0
0
Koala
+
0
0
0
Gorilla
+
+
+
0
Impala
+
+
0
+
Frilled Lizard
Koala
Impala
Gorilla
2.
C. Definition Questions. Define the following terms or phrase giving an example and answer
the follow up question. Do not be superficial in your responses; give details (4 pts. each)
1) Horizontal gene transfer
What is the relevance of this phenomenon to evolution and scientists ability to determine phylogenies?
2) Genetic Drift
Under what circumstances can this be more important to evolution that natural selection?
3) Keystone species
Why does it seem critical that wildlife managers keep this concept in mind?
4)
Lytic life cycle (Give the steps and explain clearly)
What is the critical difference between this cycle and the lysogenic cycle?
3.
D.. Short Answer Questions (3 pts each) State whether the statement is true or false and then give the evidence
supporting your claim
1) In mammals, females are usually more selective in their mating preferences than males; this is consistent with the
argument that they have a greater parental investment in their offspring.
2) Biologists have a hard time explaining the altruistic behavior of some animals since it apparently runs counter to
an individuals’ genetic self-interest.
3) Resource partitioning and character displacement explain the fact that two species of birds look rather similar
when they live in different areas, but they look quite different when they live together
4) Some features of organisms are so complex and intricate they are said to be Irreducibly Complex, meaning that
the organ cannot function unless all of the pieces are in place (e.g. the blood clotting mechanism consisting of
dozens of enzymes and products; if anyone is missing the blood fails to coagulate). This is an example of an
Intelligent Designer and that all of the pieces were put into place simultaneously.
3
E. Long Question (10 pts)
Some years ago scientists from Yale reported that some people have an ability to taste a chemical called
propylthiouracil (PROP) and others can’t. A test was administered by having people put a piece of paper laced with
PROP in their mouths for a few seconds. Some people taste a strong bitter flavor, other people taste a mild bitter
flavor, and still others taste nothing at all. This appears to be a genetically determined trait that produces three types
of tasters. Researchers think it depends upon the number of special taste buds on the tongue. Answer the following
questions with explanations. (10 pts.)
a. Is this likely to be a polygene trait? Why?
b. Can we distinguish between complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and co-dominance in the expression of the
trait? If so how can we do that?
c. If 100 people were tested and we found the data shown below, would this suggest that the population is in Hardy
Weinberg equilibrium? Super tasters =16%, medium tasters =48%, and non-tasters =36% . Show your work.
d. If the above were true, would you expect either genetic drift or selection to play a strong role in determining the
proportion of individuals with the various tasting abilities?
e. Suppose that tasting is a dominant trait, if two medium tasters were to have children, what types and proportions of
phenotypes would you expect?