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The Rise of Christianity 1st Century BCE Europe/Asia Minor (Turkey)/Asia Secular – not bound to religious law BC = BCE and AD=CE Pax Romana (27BCE to 180CE) Rome controlled the Mediterranean Western Europe Britain (Hadrian’s Wall) western Middle East (Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Libya, northern Saudi Arabia CE6 Jews allowed to control their own religious matters through a court system Faction – a group within a larger group Two factions grew within Jewish community Zealots – fought against Romans to control Judea Those faithful the messiah would restore kingdom Jesus Born in Bethlehem Roman citizen Jewish Carpenter by trade Northern Palestine (Nazareth) Began his public ministry @ 30 Monotheism 10 Commandments Personal relationship with God Love of God, neighbor, enemy and self Promise of salvation/Heaven Popularity grew Large crowds Gentiles – people not of the Jewish faith Blasphemy – contempt of God (action/speech) Pontius Pilate – Roman governor Jesus Challenging Roman authority Mockingly called him “the King of the Jews” Arrested and sentenced to death Crucifixion – nailed to a cross like structure, common method of death According to scripture he rose from the dead, reappeared and ascended (rose) to Heaven Disciples – those who follow A very small sect began to spread the teachings • Gospels – 1st four disciples to spread teachings • Matthew, Mark, Luke and John • 1st four books of the New Testament • Jesus Christ (Cristos – Greek for messiah) Roman Empire Excellent roads Common language (Latin) Open trade Fairly safe travel Ships protected from piracy by Roman Navy The Pax Romana set the stage for the spread of ideas Peter Spread teachings throughout Palestine and Syria The Cross became the symbol of their beliefs Saul (Hebrew name for Paul) Single most influential person in spreading C Originally Jewish, saw a vision, converted Small sect (division) largely ignored by Romans Nero (Roman Emperor) Blames Christians for a fire in Rome Begins 1st persecution of Christians Punished for not worshipping Roman gods Lost property Imprisoned Executed Sent into the coliseums against animals Martyr – one willing to die or suffer for a cause CE70 Jewish rebellion crushed by Romans Jerusalem destroyed CE132 Romans drove the majority of Jews from homeland Diaspora – dispersal of Jews (Europe) Invasions and unrest caused millions to convert Downfall of Roman Empire CE235-285 26 Emperors, all but 1 assassinated Plagues spread Crime went unpunished Wars drained the treasury Food supplies ran out Prices were inflated • Anarchy – total chaos CE284 Diocletian was named emperor by army Moved capital to Asia Minor He controlled the eastern empire CE306-337 Constantine reunited the empire under 1 ruler Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) new capital CE330 the eastern ½ of the Roman Empire would become known as the BYZANTINE EMPIRE lasting until 1453 when the Ottoman Turks sacked the city Heresy – any act that does not adhere to the teachings of a religion Heretic – a person who does not adhere to the teachings of a religion The Edict (a law) of Milan (city in Italy) declared Christianity an accepted religion The Nicene (Nicaea, Anatolia) Creed (belief) – Christian leaders agreed on the basic beliefs and wrote them down