Download Dependent Clause - grammar-writing-fuentes

Phrases & Clauses
What are they?
How are they different?
The main difference:
Phrases DO NOT have
BOTH a subject & a
verb
Clauses DO HAVE
BOTH a subject & a
verb
PHRASES:
4 Types
No Subject & Verb
1: Prepositional Phrase

Prepositional Phrase =
Preposition + Noun

from the house = from (prep) + (noun) the house
He ran quickly from the house.

behind a rock = behind

(prep) + (noun)
a rock
I saw my teacher
behind a rock.

1: Prepositional Phrase

during the
movie
Click to edit
the outline text
format

Second
Outline Level

about his messy room
Third
Outline
Level
 Fourth
Outline
around the track and near
the
Level
field
 Fifth
Outli
2: Participial Phrase


A participle is a verb used as another
part of speech.
Participles are easy to recognize:
they end in –ing or –ed.
example: running water, baked
apples, loving husband, loaded gun,
etc…
 For
2: ParticipialClick
Phrase
to edit
More examples:
the outline text


looking closely,
format
studying
the History
book
 Second
Outline Level


staying up all
night
Third
Outline
Level
 Fourth
Outline
Level
 Fifth
Outli
3: Infinitive Phrase


To + verb = Infinitive phrase
If you have ever studied a foreign
language, you might remember that
verbs are always studied w/the
infinitive first:

to love (the infinitive form)
I love
you love
he/she/it loves
we love
you love
they love
3: Infinitive Phrase

cont’d
Infinitive phrases begin with the
infinitive form of the verb

Examples:

to run a mile

to start over

to do homework all night

to win the contest

to wake up early
4: Noun Phrases

Adjective + Noun = Noun Phrase

The tall building

A smoky, crowded room

Screaming, half-naked toddlers

Nests of yellow and red striped
snakes
Now for a small warning…
One word can make phrases
a little tricky:
The tricky “to”

The word “
to” is found in
BOTH
prepositional
and
infinitive
phrases
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!
Prepositional Phrases:

to the football stadium (prepositional)

to the teacher (prepositional)
Infinitive Phrases:
• to run a mile
• to finish my homework
Clauses:
3 types
Have BOTH Subject & Verb

Clause #1:
Independent Clause
(aka:
SENTENCE or MAIN CLAUSE)
Independent Clause

Independent clauses have a
subject & verb and can stand
alone.
Examples:
The doctor finished the
examination.
Students leave campus after class.




Clause #2:
dependent Clause
(aka:
the
”Cliffhanger”)
Dependent Clause

Dependent clauses have
subjects & verbs, but
they cannot stand alone
Dependent Clause

Dependent clauses usually begin
with subordinating conjunctions
such as although, because,
when, since, if, unless…
Examples:

Because I left early

If we find my notebook
Subordinating conjunction
subject verb…
Dependent Clauses


Dependent clauses require a complete
thought to make them complete…
Written alone,
dependent clauses create
suspense for what’s to
come…like a
“cliffhanger”:
Dependent Clauses
Example of a dependent clause:
Because
a
rattlesnake has made
a home under our
bed…
Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses often begin or end
sentences:
 Because a rattlesnake has made a
home under our bed… (dependent
clause)
+
We purchased a mongoose to sleep
with us. (sentence/main clause)
Dependent Clauses
Because a rattlesnake
has made a home under
our bed, we purchased a
mongoose to sleep with
us.
Dependent Clauses
We purchased a
mongoose to sleep with us
because a rattlesnake
has made a home under
our bed.
Examples of Dependent Clauses


Although I spent three hours
studying,
Because the children had hidden
the key,
(Note how each of these requires something
to follow it.)
Examples of Dependent Clauses

If students sign up early,

Unless the weather prevents travel,

When everyone finished dinner,
(Note how each of these requires something to follow it.)
Examples of Dependent Clauses

After the schedule is published,

Before a hurricane hits an area,
(Note how each of these requires something to follow it.)

Clause #3:
Relative Clause
(who, Which, That )
Relative Clauses


Relative clauses are
easy to recognize.
They begin with WHO,
WHICH, or THAT.
Relative Clauses
They are not questions,
but part of sentences.
Relative Clauses
Examples:
Martin, who usually finishes first, was
unable to beat my record.




Pasta, which used to be included in
most diets, has been replaced by
high-protein foods.
Toys that the dog chewed up must be
thrown away.
Now for another small
warning…
2 words can make clauses a
little tricky:
Before
After
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!

before and after can
appear in either
prepositional phrases or
dependent clauses.
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!







Prepositional phrases:
after the storm
before the alarm
after lunch
before my nap
after work
before the holiday
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!
Dependent clauses:






after the storm ended
before the alarm rang
after we left work
before the doctor arrived
after I received your call
before the judge makes his ruling
Phrase & Clause Review
Phrase & Clause Review

Q: What is the main
difference between
phrases & clauses?
Phrase & Clause Review
Answer:
 Phrases do not have both a
subject and a verb…
 Clauses have both a subject
and a verb.
Phrase Review

Prepositional:

above the clouds

near my house

along the shore
Phrase Review

Participial:
•
leaving work early
•
sleeping until noon
•
celebrating the holidays
•
filled with liquid
Phrase Review

Infinitive:

to walk the dog

to play the piano

to watch our favorite TV show
Phrase Review
Noun Phrases:

a blue glass

fifty wild iguanas

a comfortable bed
Clause Review
Independent/Main Clause:
(Sentence)

Broccoli is my favorite food.
Clause Review
Review
Clause
Dependent Clause:

Because broccoli is
my favorite food
Clause Review
Relative Clause:
which is my favorite food
Be sure to know your phrases &
clauses!
Now it's time for you to practice !