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Transcript
K • Kingdom P • Phylum C • Class O • Order F • Family G • Genus S • Species Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related Moneran Protist Fungi Plant Animal •Bacteria •Prokaryotic •No nucleus •Have cell wall •Unicellular •Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic •Protozoans, algae •Eukaryotic •Have nucleus • Some have cell wall •Mainly unicellular •Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic •Mushroom, yeast •Eukaryotic •Have nucleus •Have cell wall •Mainly multicellular •heterotrophic •Moss, fern, trees, flowers •Eukaryotic •Have nucleus •Have cell wall •All multicellular •autotrophic •Sponge, annelids, amphibians, birds, mammals •Eukaryotic •Have nucleus •No cell wall •All multicellular •heterotrophic • • • • Always begin with #1 Follow directions using choices given What shape is “Gina”? Equilateral triangle Bryophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms •Non-vascular •No xylem or phloem •Examples are mosses •They are small •Have to be near water •No pollen, seeds, flowers, or fruits •Vascular •Xylem to move water •Phloem to move food •Examples are conifers •Have pollen (sperm) •Have seeds on cones •No fruits or flowers •Vascular •Xylem to move water •Phloem to move food •Examples are flowering plants like oak trees, corn, and roses •Have pollen (sperm) •Have seeds in fruits •Have flowers ROOT, STEM, LEAF Roots are adapted to absorb water with root hairs Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis by being flat and green Stems move water with xylem FLOWERS AND FRUITS Flowers have bright petals to attract pollinators Pollen (Sperm) can be transferred by animals When egg joins with pollen, a seed is formed in the ovary The ovary becomes the fruit Fruit surrounds and protects seed Fruit also helps get baby plants in seeds away from parent plant Annelids Insects Amphibians Mammals •Segmented worms •No backbone •“breathe” through skin •Closed circulatory system •External fertilization •External development •No backbome •Three body segments •Six legs •Wings •Open circulatory system •External fertilization •Females may store sperm •External development •metamorphosis •Have backbone •Moist skin •Gills when young, lungs when adult •Three chambered heart •Cold-blooded •External fertilization •External development •Metamorphosils •Jelly like egg •Backbone •Hair •Milk glands •Lungs •Four chambered heart •Warm-blooded •Internal fertilization •Internal development •Amniote egg VIRUS STRUCTURE A virus is not made of cells It is nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (Capsid) VIRAL REPRODUCTION • • • Virus can’t reproduce unless it is inside a living cell The virus uses the cells enzymes and ribosomes to make DNA and protein New viruses either bud off of the cell or the cell bursts, releasing lots of viruses BACTERIA • Made of cells • Can be killed by antibiotics • Examples of disease caused by bacteria is strep throat VIRUS • • • • Not made of cells MUCH SMALLER THAN CELLS Can’t be killed by antibiotics Example of diseases caused by viruses are AIDS (HIV), Smallpox, Influenza Malaria Individuals who have the sickle cell trait (heterozygous) aren’t as affected as homozygous individuals Mosquitoes transmit malaria PKU Individuals who have PKU can’t break down phenylalanine If it builds up it can cause mental retardation Keep individuals with PKU on a diet, they don’t have brain damage Lung Cancer Diabetes Skin Cancer Lung cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs Diabetes results from when the pancreas fails to make enough insulin Light skinned people don’t have the natural melanin protection of darker skinned people Individuals who smoke are more likely to get lung cancer Individuals who are overweight and who don’t exercise seem to be more affected Overexposure to sunlight can trigger the changes that lead to skin cancer B-cells T- helper cells • White blood cell • Make antibodies • White blood cell • Help coordinate immune response T-killer cells • White blood cell • Kill virus infected cell PASSIVE IMMUNITY • • • • • Person does NOT make memory cells or antibodies Antibodies only are transferred Doesn’t provide longterm protection Natural: from breastfeeding Artificial: Rabies “shot” ACTIVE IMMUNITY • • • • Person DOES make antibodies AND memory cells Provides long term immunity Natural: you have disease Artificial – you get a VACCINATION