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Gennady Korotaev Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Historical Background of Ukrainian Oceanographic Observations Ukraine was part of Soviet Union up to the end of 1991 The following organization located on the territory of Ukraine carried out oceanographic observations: Academy of Sciences Hydrometeoservise Fishing agency Naval oceanography Area of observations was all World Ocean with priority to the Atlantic and Indian ocean. The Black Sea was regularly covered by multidisciplinary observations mainly on coastal stations, oceanographic vessels or ships of opportunity. Ukraine as independent state has restricted area of observations by the Black Sea or more exactly by the economic zone of Ukraine in the Black Sea with insignificant exclusions. Initially it was an attempt to support regular oceanographic observations on the base of regional cooperation. The specialized Marine Agency was arranged in Ukraine to coordinate oceonographic observations. Five large-scale coordinated multi-disciplinary surveys of the Black Sea were carried out until the mid of 90-ies. However increased economical problems resulted in disintegration of the Marine Agency and strong reduction of funding of oceanographic vessel activity. It was short term attempt to use oceanographic vessels as a commercial one and use them as ships of opportunity. Number of hydrographic stations in the Black Sea 8000 7000 Station count 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1890 1926 1933 1940 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006 Year •Second session of IOC BSRC 4-6 May 1999, Istanbul, Turkey - Establishing of the Black Sea GOOS Project •First Workgroup Meeting of the Black Sea GOOS Project 11-15 October 1999, Varna, Bulgaria •Second Workgroup Meeting of the Black Sea GOOS Project 22-25 May 2001, Poti, Georgia - , Election of Chairman and Executive Secretary •MoU of riparian countries July 2001, Paris, France •MoU with EUROGOOS October 2001, Paris, France •Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 16 October 2002 Ankara, Turkey - Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation plan (2002- 2007) was approved by all the Black Sea Member States •Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting October 2003, Kiev, Ukraine – Protocol of Collaboration between Black Sea GOOS and ARENA Project •Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting October 2006, Varna, Bulgaria – Memorandum of Understanding and Collaboration between Black Sea GOOS and ASCABOS Project •Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 27 September 2007 Bulchik, Bulgaria - Discussion of preliminary results of realization of Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation plan (2002-2007) •Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 24 October 2008, Istanbul, Turkey – Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation extended until the end of 2009 Steering Committee Chairman: Valeriy EREMEEV Oceanological Center of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Executive Secretary: Temel OGUZ Institute of Marine Sciences, Turkey; Atanas PALAZOV Institute of Oceanology Bulgaria; Kakhaber BILASHVILI Tbilisi State University Georgia; Alexander POSTNOV State Oceanographic Institute Russian Federation; Simion NIKOLAEV National Institute of Marine Research and Development Romania; Gennady KOROTAEV Marine Hydrophysical Institute Ukraine. web site: http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/Black_Sea_GOOS/ Structural and functional diagram of the Black Sea GOOS Ukraine observing programs mainly follow the Black Sea GOOS strategy. Hydrometeorologic service supports coastal station partly transmitted the data via GTS. Ministries of Environment and Education carry out episodic cruises in the coastal area Academy of Sciences realized the program of the Black Sea remote sensing, the surface drifting buoy program and started together with IMS (Turkey) and University of Washington (USA) with support of ONR Europe the profiling floats measurements. Black Sea Remote Sensing Subsystem Satellite missions Colour SST Altimetry Wind ERS Meteosat Topex/Poseidon OrbView-2 NOAA Jason-1 GFO QuickSCAT ERS Envisat Data processing centers MHI NCEP NMA AVISO NOAA NASA The drifting buoys and profiling floats subprogram Almost 90 drifters were launched at the Black Sea. Eight among them are with the termistor chain PALACE float measurements at the Black Sea Eight profiling floats operated at the Black Sea starting from September 2002 MedGLOSS European Sea Level Services TG Network in EB MHI, Kaciveli Sea level gauge PAROSTM Katsiveli platform Air pressure gauge SETRATM and GPS Significant part of the Black Sea GOOS and Ukrainian strategy was implementation of the Black Sea nowcasting and forecasting system. Such system operates assimilating all available data providing their interpolation and extrapolation on the regular grid and forecasting their short –term evolution. The implementation of the routinely operating nowcasting and forecasting system in the Black Sea is carried out in the framework of the EC FP& MyOcean project MFC and regions Arctic GOOS 2 NOOS GOOS/ Godae IBI-ROOS 4 1 1 3 BOOS • • • • • • • 1. Global 2. Arctic 3. Baltic 4. NWS 5. IBI 6. Med Sea 7 Black Sea 7 16 5 6 Black Sea GOOS MOON & MedGOOS Marine operational forecasts WIND SURFACE WAVES TEMPERATURE CURRENTS DATA FLOW OF MY OCEAN PROJECT Thematic Assembly Centers Black Sea Marine Forecasting Center SL TAC (Toulouse, France) CIRCULATION MODEL SST TAC (Frascatti, Italy) ECOSYSTEM MODEL OC TAC (Frascatti, Italy) WAVE MODEL FIVE DAYS FORECASTS (www.myocean.eu BIOOPTICAL MODEL In Situ TAC (Drifters, Profiling Floats) (Brest France) Atmospheric Forecast (Athens, Greece; Bukurest, Romania, Sevastopol, Ukraine ) Nested systems of nowcasting/forecasting of circulation in the coastal regions o z A ~ 1 km Ro 170 x 270 ~ 1 km 250 x 180 BT ea ara S m r a M ~ 1km 430 x 200 MHI-1 v Se a ~ 1 km 300 x 160 Ru 1 km 190 x 170 Ge BlackSeaTrack Web system components and structure MyO Thematic Assemling Center (TAC) User MyO Center Service Desk (CRD) User Internet Server BSC NOAA, ERS, EnviSat, Jason MyO Production Unit BS SEVASTOPOL-UA Internet Black Sea Truck Web Atmosphere forcing (ALADIN/SKIRON) MyO Dissemination Unit (DU) MyOcean Black Sea MFC User Internet n Black Sea Track Web: a new downstream service is MyO customer: Oil spill accident near Odessa MyOcean Close out / MyOcean 2 Kick Off – 27-29 March 2012 Search and Rescue application The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat NATIONAL POLICY AND REGULATION The current legislation in Ukraine is based in significant part on the former Soviet Union laws which are strict enough especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. The meteorological data which are collected by the coastal stations involved in the WMO network. Ministry of ecology is a basic contact point of the Black Sea Commission protecting the basin against pollution. All the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission members. Ukraine is the member of IOC therefore data collected in the framework of international collaboration can be accepted for the exchange on the equivalency conditions. The academic institutions use this opportunity Data of the naocast and forecast are free available. Black Sea historical data on Sea water temperature and Sea water salinity in MHI – Ukrainian NODC (Physical Oceanography) 8000 7000 25000 20000 5000 Station Count 6000 Station count The database contains about 159300 oceanographic stations since1890 till 2010 15000 10000 5000 4000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month 3000 2000 1000 0 1890 1926 1933 1940 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006 Year 1 WOD – 98 160000 140000 120000 2 NATO TU BLACK SEA PROJECT 3 MEDAR/MEDATLAS II PROJECT 100000 80000 4 RESCUE OF BLACK SEA HYDROLOGICAL DATA 60000 5 BSOD 40000 20000 – Physical Parameters 6 SEADATANET 0 7 Data bank of MHI The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat FINANCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK Three oceanographic data providers in Ukraine (academy of Sciences, Hydrometeoservice and Ministry of environment) have dedicated funding from state to support obligatory observational network and to carry out oceanographic research. IMPLEMENTATION OF R&D AND MONITORING PROGRAMS All mentioned above structures have five-year planning cycle The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat FUTURE PLANS AND PROSPECTS Coastal network will be supported routinely by Hydrometeoservice but without implementation of modern technologies Remote sensing data (altimetry, SST and Sea Color data) will be provided by the MyOcean2 project. Nowcasting and forecasting activity will be prolonged at least until the end of the MyOcean2 project improving quality of products. There is an intention to participate in the launch of the profiling floats using all available possibilities (one float will be launched in the framework of FP7 PERSEUS project The following additional observations are planned for the next four years: LAUNCHE OF DRIFTERS WITH THERMISTOR CHAIN EXAMPLE OF A BUOY TRAJECTORY (LEFT) AND TEMPERATURE SECTION (BELOW) OBSERVING SYSTEM+ (MHI NASU, IO RAS TOGETHER WITH IBSS NASU) OPEN SEA FERRY BOX DRIFTERS WITH THERMISTOR CHAIN COASTAL ZONE TIME SERIES FROM STATIONARY PLATFORMS RESEARCH CRUISES FERRY BOX EQUIPMENT • CTD • TRANCPARENCY METER: - 5 CHANNELS (350-650нм) • FLUORIMRTER • FAR • SAMPLES FERRY BOX TRACES The scheme of observations for future Black Sea GOOS plan Yellow triangles are profiling floats, circles with a dash are drifters with thermistor chain, lines connecting Sevastopol, Odessa and Bosphorus mouth and also Yalta and Trabzon are routs of ferries, yellow squares are platforms near the Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian coasts where time series will be collected, repeating hydrographich polygons near Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian coasts are marked by red lines, black lines near the Crimea are research vessel sections, Thin black lines show economic zone boundaries