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Gennady Korotaev
Marine Hydrophysical Institute
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Historical Background of Ukrainian Oceanographic
Observations
Ukraine was part of Soviet Union up to the end of 1991
The following organization located on the territory of
Ukraine carried out oceanographic observations:
Academy of Sciences
Hydrometeoservise
Fishing agency
Naval oceanography
Area of observations was all World Ocean with priority
to the Atlantic and Indian ocean. The Black Sea was
regularly covered by multidisciplinary observations mainly
on coastal stations, oceanographic vessels or ships of
opportunity.
Ukraine as independent state has restricted area of
observations by the Black Sea or more exactly by the
economic zone of Ukraine in the Black Sea with
insignificant exclusions.
Initially it was an attempt to support regular
oceanographic observations on the base of regional
cooperation. The specialized Marine Agency was arranged
in Ukraine to coordinate oceonographic observations. Five
large-scale coordinated multi-disciplinary surveys of the
Black Sea were carried out until the mid of 90-ies.
However increased economical problems resulted in
disintegration of the Marine Agency and strong reduction
of funding of oceanographic vessel activity. It was short
term attempt to use oceanographic vessels as a
commercial one and use them as ships of opportunity.
Number of hydrographic stations in the Black Sea
8000
7000
Station count
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1890 1926 1933 1940 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006
Year
•Second session of IOC BSRC 4-6 May 1999, Istanbul,
Turkey - Establishing of the Black Sea GOOS Project
•First Workgroup Meeting of the Black Sea GOOS Project
11-15 October 1999, Varna, Bulgaria
•Second Workgroup Meeting of the Black Sea GOOS Project 22-25 May
2001, Poti, Georgia - , Election of Chairman and Executive Secretary
•MoU of riparian countries July 2001, Paris, France
•MoU with EUROGOOS October 2001, Paris, France
•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 16 October 2002 Ankara,
Turkey - Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation plan (2002-
2007) was approved by all the Black Sea Member States
•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting October 2003, Kiev, Ukraine
– Protocol of Collaboration between Black Sea GOOS and ARENA Project
•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting October 2006, Varna,
Bulgaria – Memorandum of Understanding and Collaboration between Black
Sea GOOS and ASCABOS Project
•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 27 September 2007 Bulchik,
Bulgaria - Discussion of preliminary results of realization of Black Sea
GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation plan (2002-2007)
•Black Sea GOOS Steering Committee meeting 24 October 2008, Istanbul,
Turkey – Black Sea GOOS Strategic Action and Implementation extended
until the end of 2009
Steering Committee
Chairman:
Valeriy EREMEEV
Oceanological Center of National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;
Executive Secretary:
Temel OGUZ
Institute of Marine Sciences,
Turkey;
Atanas PALAZOV
Institute of Oceanology
Bulgaria;
Kakhaber BILASHVILI
Tbilisi State University
Georgia;
Alexander POSTNOV
State Oceanographic Institute
Russian Federation;
Simion NIKOLAEV
National Institute of Marine
Research and Development
Romania;
Gennady KOROTAEV
Marine Hydrophysical Institute
Ukraine.
web site: http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/Black_Sea_GOOS/
Structural and functional diagram of the Black Sea GOOS
Ukraine observing programs mainly follow the Black Sea GOOS strategy.
Hydrometeorologic service supports coastal station partly transmitted the
data via GTS.
Ministries of Environment and Education carry out episodic cruises in the
coastal area
Academy of Sciences realized the program of the Black Sea remote sensing,
the surface drifting buoy program and started together with IMS (Turkey)
and University of Washington (USA) with support of ONR Europe the profiling
floats measurements.
Black Sea Remote Sensing Subsystem
Satellite missions
Colour
SST
Altimetry
Wind
ERS
Meteosat
Topex/Poseidon
OrbView-2
NOAA
Jason-1
GFO
QuickSCAT
ERS
Envisat
Data processing centers
MHI
NCEP
NMA
AVISO
NOAA
NASA
The drifting buoys and profiling floats subprogram
Almost 90 drifters were
launched at the Black Sea.
Eight among them are
with the termistor chain
PALACE float measurements at the Black Sea
Eight profiling floats operated at the Black Sea starting from September 2002
MedGLOSS
European Sea Level Services TG
Network in EB MHI, Kaciveli
Sea level gauge PAROSTM
Katsiveli
platform
Air pressure gauge SETRATM
and GPS
Significant part of the Black Sea GOOS and Ukrainian
strategy was implementation of the Black Sea nowcasting
and forecasting system.
Such system operates assimilating all available data
providing their interpolation and extrapolation on the
regular grid and forecasting their short –term evolution.
The implementation of the routinely operating nowcasting
and forecasting system in the Black Sea is carried out in
the framework of the EC FP& MyOcean project
MFC and regions
Arctic GOOS
2
NOOS
GOOS/
Godae
IBI-ROOS
4
1
1
3
BOOS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Global
2. Arctic
3. Baltic
4. NWS
5. IBI
6. Med Sea
7 Black Sea
7
16
5
6
Black Sea GOOS
MOON & MedGOOS
Marine operational forecasts
WIND
SURFACE WAVES
TEMPERATURE
CURRENTS
DATA FLOW OF MY OCEAN PROJECT
Thematic Assembly
Centers
Black Sea Marine
Forecasting Center
SL TAC
(Toulouse, France)
CIRCULATION MODEL
SST TAC
(Frascatti, Italy)
ECOSYSTEM MODEL
OC TAC
(Frascatti, Italy)
WAVE MODEL
FIVE DAYS
FORECASTS
(www.myocean.eu
BIOOPTICAL MODEL
In Situ TAC
(Drifters, Profiling Floats)
(Brest France)
Atmospheric Forecast
(Athens, Greece; Bukurest, Romania,
Sevastopol, Ukraine )
Nested systems of nowcasting/forecasting of circulation in the coastal regions
o
z
A
~ 1 km
Ro 170 x 270
~ 1 km
250 x 180
BT
ea
ara S
m
r
a
M
~ 1km
430 x 200
MHI-1
v
Se
a
~ 1 km
300 x 160
Ru
1 km
190 x 170
Ge
BlackSeaTrack Web system components and structure
MyO Thematic
Assemling Center
(TAC)
User
MyO Center
Service Desk
(CRD)
User
Internet
Server BSC
NOAA, ERS, EnviSat, Jason
MyO Production Unit
BS SEVASTOPOL-UA
Internet
Black Sea
Truck Web
Atmosphere
forcing
(ALADIN/SKIRON)
MyO
Dissemination
Unit (DU)
MyOcean
Black Sea MFC
User
Internet
n
Black Sea Track Web: a new downstream
service is MyO customer:
Oil spill accident near Odessa
MyOcean Close out / MyOcean 2 Kick Off – 27-29 March 2012
Search and Rescue
application
The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ
especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co
protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb
the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat
NATIONAL POLICY AND REGULATION
The current legislation in Ukraine is based in significant part on the
former Soviet Union laws which are strict enough especially in case
when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state.
The meteorological data which are collected by the coastal stations
involved in the WMO network.
Ministry of ecology is a basic contact point of the Black Sea
Commission protecting the basin against pollution. All the data
obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the
Commission members.
Ukraine is the member of IOC therefore data collected in the framework
of international collaboration can be accepted for the exchange on the
equivalency conditions. The academic institutions use this opportunity
Data of the naocast and forecast are free available.
Black Sea historical data on Sea water temperature
and Sea water salinity in MHI – Ukrainian NODC
(Physical Oceanography)
8000
7000
25000
20000
5000
Station Count
6000
Station count
The database contains about 159300
oceanographic stations since1890 till
2010
15000
10000
5000
4000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
3000
2000
1000
0
1890 1926 1933 1940 1950 1957 1964 1971 1978 1985 1992 1999 2006
Year
1 WOD – 98
160000
140000
120000
2 NATO TU BLACK SEA
PROJECT
3 MEDAR/MEDATLAS II
PROJECT
100000
80000
4 RESCUE OF BLACK
SEA HYDROLOGICAL
DATA
60000
5 BSOD
40000
20000
– Physical Parameters
6 SEADATANET
0
7 Data bank of MHI
The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ
especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co
protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb
the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat
FINANCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK
Three oceanographic data providers in Ukraine (academy of Sciences,
Hydrometeoservice and Ministry of environment) have dedicated funding from
state to support obligatory observational network and to carry out
oceanographic research.
IMPLEMENTATION OF R&D AND MONITORING
PROGRAMS
All mentioned above structures have five-year planning cycle
The process of the data policy formation did not finish in Ukraine. A special marine agency has started this work but it was disintegrated due to econ
especially in case when observations are carried out in the economic zone of the state. Exclusion is concerned the meteorological data which are co
protecting the basin against pollution. Therefore all the data obtained in the framework of the BSC projects are available for the Commission memb
the exchange on the equivalency conditions. Therefore academic institutions are providing for exchange data obtained in the framework of internat
FUTURE PLANS AND PROSPECTS
Coastal network will be supported routinely by Hydrometeoservice but
without implementation of modern technologies
Remote sensing data (altimetry, SST and Sea Color data) will be provided
by the MyOcean2 project.
Nowcasting and forecasting activity will be prolonged at least until the
end of the MyOcean2 project improving quality of products.
There is an intention to participate in the launch of the profiling floats
using all available possibilities (one float will be launched in the
framework of FP7 PERSEUS project
The following additional observations are planned for the next four
years:
LAUNCHE OF DRIFTERS WITH
THERMISTOR CHAIN
EXAMPLE OF A BUOY
TRAJECTORY (LEFT)
AND TEMPERATURE
SECTION (BELOW)
OBSERVING SYSTEM+
(MHI NASU, IO RAS TOGETHER WITH IBSS
NASU)
OPEN SEA
FERRY BOX
DRIFTERS
WITH THERMISTOR CHAIN
COASTAL ZONE
TIME SERIES
FROM
STATIONARY PLATFORMS
RESEARCH CRUISES
FERRY BOX EQUIPMENT
• CTD
• TRANCPARENCY METER:
- 5 CHANNELS (350-650нм)
• FLUORIMRTER
• FAR
• SAMPLES
FERRY BOX TRACES
The scheme of observations for future Black Sea
GOOS plan
Yellow triangles are profiling floats, circles with a dash are drifters with
thermistor chain, lines connecting Sevastopol, Odessa and Bosphorus mouth
and also Yalta and Trabzon are routs of ferries, yellow squares are platforms
near the Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian coasts where time series will be
collected, repeating hydrographich polygons near Bulgarian, Ukrainian and
Russian coasts are marked by red lines, black lines near the Crimea are
research vessel sections, Thin black lines show economic zone boundaries