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Transcript
Genetics The Blending Hypothesis A Trait _______________________________________________________ such as tall and short In the early 1800’s many biologists believed in the Blending Hypothesis __________________________________________________________________________ Genetics – ____________________________________________________ The Father of Genetics- Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian Monk Pea Plant Experiments Mendel studied _____________________________________ or “factors” from one generation to the next These factors are now called genes Genes - ____________________________________________________________________ Mendel’s Breeding Experiments Mendel bred plants for years to ensure that they were true-breeding True-breeding - means that offspring always ______________________________________ Mendel Cross-fertilized all his pea plants by hand to control which traits he wanted to test Mendel expected ___________________________ IE: Tall pea x Short pea resulting in Medium height plants Some Mendelian Conclusions Mendel and Alleles: Different forms of a gene are called _________________ We use _________________ to represent Alleles Law of segregation: When gametes are made the alleles for a trait separate, so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait Law of dominance: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Genetics Punnett Squares Punnett Squares are tools used to determine _______________________________________ from a genetic cross Sample Problem Homozygous – An individual that has ____________________ ___________________________________________________ Let’s say you are Mendel. You take a pure-breeding pea plant that is tall (TT) and you combine it with a pure-breeding pea plant that is short (tt). What would their possible offspring be? Which of the plants in the sample are homozygous? Heterozygous – An individual that has ___________________ ___________________________________________________ Which of the plants in the sample are heterozygous? Dominant – _________________________________ ___________________________________________ Recessive – _________________________________ ___________________________________________ If an individual is Homozygous Dominant _________ ___________________________________________ If an individual is Heterozygous _________________ ___________________________________________ Example: TT = tall Example: Tt = tall If an individual is Homozygous Recessive _________ ___________________________________________ Example: tt = short TT tt Tt
