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The Protestant Reformation Chapter 12 Sec 3 Need for Reform The Protestant Reformation is a religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups Corruption of Church one reason for reform Popes were not being spiritual leaders of the Catholic Church Many Churches officials used their offices to advance their careers and wealth The Church sold indulgences - or the way into heaven, sins forgiven Martin Luther Martin Luther was a monk and a professor Luther believed that humans are saved through their faith alone This became known as Justification by faith alone, a chief teaching in the Protestant Reformation On October 31, 1517, Luther sent his 95 Theses(stunning attack on abuses in the sale of indulgences) to his Church leaders A Break for the Church By 1520, called for German Princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany and establish a reformed German Church The Church excommunicated Luther in January 1521 Edict of Worms made Luther an outlaw within the empire Rise of Lutheranism German rulers began to take control of the Catholic churches in their territories Formed state churches Luther’s doctrine became known as Lutheranism, Churches as Lutheran Churches Lutheranism was the first Protestant Faith Charles V Charles V wanted to preserve the unity of his empire by keeping it Catholic Peace of Augsburg – agreement formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany. Now free to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism The Spread of Protestantism Chapter 12 Sec 4 Divisions of Protestantism John Calvin becomes a new leader of Protestantism Calvin’s ideas said that God had determined in advanced who would be saved and who would not – Predestination Called Calvinists Church of England English reformation was rooted in politics not religion King Henry VII wanted a divorce, pope denies his request King Henry VII goes to archbishop of Canterbury and he annuls the King’s marriage Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy of 1534, this declared the King was “the only supreme head on earth of the new Church of England”. Gained new supporters and wealth but remained close to his Catholic teachings After he died, Anglican church moved more towards a protestant direction Other Groups Anabaptists believed in following the practices of early Christianity Believed in adult baptism Believed in complete separation of Church and State Viewed as dangerous radicals Catholic Reformation In the 16th century the Catholic Church reforms itself Jesuits were very successful in spreading the Catholic teachings Reform of the papacy Council of Trent helped by reaffirming the traditional Catholic teachings of faith and good works needed for salvation.