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The Reformation Martin Luther Attempts to reform the Church And creates a new one Causes of the Reformation The Catholic had become corrupt It… • Sold pardons from sin or “Indulgences” • Sold positions as Bishops or “Simony” Meanwhile… Christian Humanists criticized it and studied the Bible independently The Printing Press spread their ideas and criticisms as well as copies of the Bible for Study Martin Luther In 1517 Martin Luther a monk and teacher nailed 93 theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg challenge other to debate them… this began the Reformation He criticized the church’s practice of Simony and selling Indulgences And he went even farther… Luther’s Teachings In addition to criticizing Simony and Indulgences Luther taught: I. Justification by Faith…That Grace comes from faith in Christ II. That the Bible was the only religious authority, not the pope or church traditions III. That men in faith were equal, priests were no better than ordinary Protestant Churches Many New Christian Churches developed due to this protest against the Catholic Church They are called “Protestant Churches” They include: Lutheranism, Baptist, Anglican, Methodist, Calvinist etc. They were supported by Princes who wished to limit the power of the Pope. The Counter-Reformation The Catholic Church responded at the Council of Trent. It declared: The Catholic tradition as perfect and all protestant sects to be heresy. An end to Simony and the sale of Indulgences Religious Wars raged across Europe Ignatius Loyola began a new more personal way for Catholics to relate to God.