Complete Holdings of the Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
... 1537. Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew - Latin. Biblical Polyglots (Bibles in three or more languages) o 1514.* Complutensian Polyglot. OT is in Hebrew, Vulgate, Septuagint, and Latin. NT is Greek and Vulgate. First polyglot and first printing of the NT and OT in Greek. Five volumes plus the rare sixth ...
... 1537. Gospel of Matthew in Hebrew - Latin. Biblical Polyglots (Bibles in three or more languages) o 1514.* Complutensian Polyglot. OT is in Hebrew, Vulgate, Septuagint, and Latin. NT is Greek and Vulgate. First polyglot and first printing of the NT and OT in Greek. Five volumes plus the rare sixth ...
Philip Hughes A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Refo
... the "city," and, in many western provinces, cities were rare even centuries after the Roman occupation. From the days when she was merely the head of a league of Italian city-states, Rome had shown unique capacity for combining diversity in union, a political flexibility always ready to find new rel ...
... the "city," and, in many western provinces, cities were rare even centuries after the Roman occupation. From the days when she was merely the head of a league of Italian city-states, Rome had shown unique capacity for combining diversity in union, a political flexibility always ready to find new rel ...
Chronology of the Reformation
... night 1523: Thomas Munzer organizes peasants into “Eternal Covenant of God” (associated with the anti-authoritarian group called the Zwickau Prophets) and breaks with Luther over the sole authority of the Bible, he was also known as an Anabaptist December 1523: Luther draws up new divine service reg ...
... night 1523: Thomas Munzer organizes peasants into “Eternal Covenant of God” (associated with the anti-authoritarian group called the Zwickau Prophets) and breaks with Luther over the sole authority of the Bible, he was also known as an Anabaptist December 1523: Luther draws up new divine service reg ...
The Jesuits – Their History, Constitution, Moral
... their enemies. From Paul III. they received signal tokens of approval, whereupon they added to the three customary vows a fourth, of unconditional devotion to the Pope. Among the cardinals they still had some enemies; but certain princely patrons worked for them, and on the 27th of September 1540 th ...
... their enemies. From Paul III. they received signal tokens of approval, whereupon they added to the three customary vows a fourth, of unconditional devotion to the Pope. Among the cardinals they still had some enemies; but certain princely patrons worked for them, and on the 27th of September 1540 th ...
this PDF file - Open Access Journals at BC
... had frequently confronted British Roman Catholics in the period from Queen Elizabeth to "Catholic Emancipation" in 1829—Newman counseled: If either the Pope or the Queen demanded of me an "Absolute Obedience," he or she would be transgressing the laws of human nature and human society. I give an abs ...
... had frequently confronted British Roman Catholics in the period from Queen Elizabeth to "Catholic Emancipation" in 1829—Newman counseled: If either the Pope or the Queen demanded of me an "Absolute Obedience," he or she would be transgressing the laws of human nature and human society. I give an abs ...
國立中山大學外國語文所 碩士論文 神權的確立:一窺改革派作者的
... feeling of uncertainty, the promise of a peaceful afterlife gave hope to the people. Thus, in the Early Modern Era, the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church held immense power in Europe. This power was not limited to religion but included a monopoly in literacy and ensuring social cohesion through C ...
... feeling of uncertainty, the promise of a peaceful afterlife gave hope to the people. Thus, in the Early Modern Era, the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church held immense power in Europe. This power was not limited to religion but included a monopoly in literacy and ensuring social cohesion through C ...
Notes for next week!
... corruptions and superstitions which had grown on the church-such as the system of indulgences, the reliance on the merits of the saints, the trust in supposed miracles; and if he held the doctrine of purgatory, and allowed the utility of prayers and masses for the departed, he was careful to guard a ...
... corruptions and superstitions which had grown on the church-such as the system of indulgences, the reliance on the merits of the saints, the trust in supposed miracles; and if he held the doctrine of purgatory, and allowed the utility of prayers and masses for the departed, he was careful to guard a ...
evangelical bible college of western australia
... Luther to protest which led to the Reformation. ERASMUS [c.1466-1536] – The leading Christian humanist, who wished to reform the church through scholarship and instruction in the teaching of Christ. He was educated by the Brethren of the Common Life [see 1380] at Deventer. He eventually became a mon ...
... Luther to protest which led to the Reformation. ERASMUS [c.1466-1536] – The leading Christian humanist, who wished to reform the church through scholarship and instruction in the teaching of Christ. He was educated by the Brethren of the Common Life [see 1380] at Deventer. He eventually became a mon ...
Marol Feickert - Martin Luther
... Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in the central German town of Eisleben, Saxony (then part of The Holy Roman Empire, now known as southeast Germany). He was born into a Roman Catholic household, son of Hans and Margarethe Luther. Martin was baptized the day after his birth in the Church ...
... Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in the central German town of Eisleben, Saxony (then part of The Holy Roman Empire, now known as southeast Germany). He was born into a Roman Catholic household, son of Hans and Margarethe Luther. Martin was baptized the day after his birth in the Church ...
File 34. >> I didn`t know that Calvin spent considerable time in
... Calvin meet with the same kind of hostility in Strasbourg? >> As a matter of fact, no, he did not. Calvin was there for about three years, 1538 to 1541, and generally these were very good years for him. Very productive and relatively peaceful. I mean, for one thing, he was not the principal reformer ...
... Calvin meet with the same kind of hostility in Strasbourg? >> As a matter of fact, no, he did not. Calvin was there for about three years, 1538 to 1541, and generally these were very good years for him. Very productive and relatively peaceful. I mean, for one thing, he was not the principal reformer ...
The dissolution of the monasteries
... By early 1534 he had confirmed the Act giving Annates (about £4000) to the Crown which had in the past gone to Rome and by the end of that same year extended this to the First Fruits and Tenths (1st year’s revenue of all benefices and an annual tax of a 10th of the value of all ecclesiastical benefi ...
... By early 1534 he had confirmed the Act giving Annates (about £4000) to the Crown which had in the past gone to Rome and by the end of that same year extended this to the First Fruits and Tenths (1st year’s revenue of all benefices and an annual tax of a 10th of the value of all ecclesiastical benefi ...
The History of England From the Norman Conquest to the
... William intended this expedition of his to result in the permanent pacification of the country through which he had passed. There is no record of any special severity attending the march, but certainly no one was able to infer from it that the king was weak or to be trifled with. The important town ...
... William intended this expedition of his to result in the permanent pacification of the country through which he had passed. There is no record of any special severity attending the march, but certainly no one was able to infer from it that the king was weak or to be trifled with. The important town ...
Questions to Consider
... political development in the early 16th century. The reformation was led by Martin Luther, a monk from Germany. He said that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and that it should be reformed. Luther also argued that a reformation was needed of other things. In particular reformation was required ...
... political development in the early 16th century. The reformation was led by Martin Luther, a monk from Germany. He said that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and that it should be reformed. Luther also argued that a reformation was needed of other things. In particular reformation was required ...
tudors
... intelligent and sophisticated. She had many admirers at court, including King Henry. Henry had taken many mistresses including Anne’s sister Mary when Queen Catherine could not give him a son. When Henry began to fall in love with Anne she was already secretly engaged to Henry Percy, the son and hei ...
... intelligent and sophisticated. She had many admirers at court, including King Henry. Henry had taken many mistresses including Anne’s sister Mary when Queen Catherine could not give him a son. When Henry began to fall in love with Anne she was already secretly engaged to Henry Percy, the son and hei ...
The Marian Establishment and the Printing Press Author(s): Jennifer
... Mary Tudor,'were not exploited ... as extensively or as intensively as they might have been by the party in power'.1 He goes on to contrast the quality of the tracts produced by the opposition press of Mary's reign with those of government propagandists, arguing that the Catholics denounced heresy ' ...
... Mary Tudor,'were not exploited ... as extensively or as intensively as they might have been by the party in power'.1 He goes on to contrast the quality of the tracts produced by the opposition press of Mary's reign with those of government propagandists, arguing that the Catholics denounced heresy ' ...
Last Supper
... the Casle Church in Wittenberg and that heralded the start of the "Reformation" June-July 1519: At the Disputation at Leipzig, Andreas von Carlstadt and Luther debated with John Eck. Eck forced Luther to admit that he agreed with Hus. Jan 27-May 25, 1521: Many Imperial discussions (Diets) were held ...
... the Casle Church in Wittenberg and that heralded the start of the "Reformation" June-July 1519: At the Disputation at Leipzig, Andreas von Carlstadt and Luther debated with John Eck. Eck forced Luther to admit that he agreed with Hus. Jan 27-May 25, 1521: Many Imperial discussions (Diets) were held ...
Paper 1 and 2: Religion and State in Early Modern Europe
... Mary I, 1553–58 Born in 1516, Mary was 37 when she became queen. Like her younger half-brother and sister, she was intelligent and had been well educated, especially as for many years it was assumed she would inherit the throne. Although Mary’s childhood was happy, her teenage and adult years were o ...
... Mary I, 1553–58 Born in 1516, Mary was 37 when she became queen. Like her younger half-brother and sister, she was intelligent and had been well educated, especially as for many years it was assumed she would inherit the throne. Although Mary’s childhood was happy, her teenage and adult years were o ...
Old Catholic Roots - Ecumenical Catholic Communion, Home Page
... If we are to single out the primary cause of the first division of this Church, it would be the deeply rooted objection of the Patriarch of Rome to this particular theory of Church government. Rome maintained that they and their successors held supreme authority over all Christendom as spiritual hei ...
... If we are to single out the primary cause of the first division of this Church, it would be the deeply rooted objection of the Patriarch of Rome to this particular theory of Church government. Rome maintained that they and their successors held supreme authority over all Christendom as spiritual hei ...
thematic essay questions for reformation
... 1527 - Henry VIII of England petitions Pope Clement VII for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Pope won't agree because he is in debt to Charles V who is Catherine's nephew. ...
... 1527 - Henry VIII of England petitions Pope Clement VII for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Pope won't agree because he is in debt to Charles V who is Catherine's nephew. ...
Chapter 20 Calvin Makes Protestantism an International Movement
... Reformed Christianity. In Calvin’s judgment, God had a definite game-plan, which he called God’s sovereign will. Luther’s central doctrine was “justification by faith”, Calvin’s central doctrine was the “sovereignty of God”. For Luther the miracle of salvation was found in one’s faith in God’s mercy ...
... Reformed Christianity. In Calvin’s judgment, God had a definite game-plan, which he called God’s sovereign will. Luther’s central doctrine was “justification by faith”, Calvin’s central doctrine was the “sovereignty of God”. For Luther the miracle of salvation was found in one’s faith in God’s mercy ...
The Reformation
... • The pope, Clement VII, the authority necessary to issue such an annulment was, after 1527, under the political control of Charles V, Catherine’s nephew. • Efforts to secure the annulment, directed by Cardinal Wolsey (1474-1530) ended in failure and Wolsey’s disgrace. • Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) n ...
... • The pope, Clement VII, the authority necessary to issue such an annulment was, after 1527, under the political control of Charles V, Catherine’s nephew. • Efforts to secure the annulment, directed by Cardinal Wolsey (1474-1530) ended in failure and Wolsey’s disgrace. • Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) n ...
Religious Studies 2013 - Origins Text
... teachings, formulated at the time of the Reformation, which are accepted by most if not all Protestants, and it is on these that we shall concentrate. We may begin with the doctrine known as justification by faith alone or salvation by grace alone. Martin Luther was the first to state this doctrine ...
... teachings, formulated at the time of the Reformation, which are accepted by most if not all Protestants, and it is on these that we shall concentrate. We may begin with the doctrine known as justification by faith alone or salvation by grace alone. Martin Luther was the first to state this doctrine ...
The End of Feudalism
... Define the House of Lords and the House of Commons. France Who founded a dynasty that would rule France for three hundred years despite powerful feudal lords? How did the Capetians (Hugh Capet and his descendents) add to their rather small landholdings? Describe Philip Augustus’s efficient royal bur ...
... Define the House of Lords and the House of Commons. France Who founded a dynasty that would rule France for three hundred years despite powerful feudal lords? How did the Capetians (Hugh Capet and his descendents) add to their rather small landholdings? Describe Philip Augustus’s efficient royal bur ...
The Reformation
... orders, but which were not under control of the Church. They were independent, self-supporting, and closely connected to the Franciscan or Dominican friars. England: John Wiclif - an Oxford scholar who claimed that God and Scripture alone were the sole sources of spiritual authority Germany: Meister ...
... orders, but which were not under control of the Church. They were independent, self-supporting, and closely connected to the Franciscan or Dominican friars. England: John Wiclif - an Oxford scholar who claimed that God and Scripture alone were the sole sources of spiritual authority Germany: Meister ...
The Slide into War (Contd.)
... IV (Stuart); James married Henry’s sister Margaret; but Scotland was traditionally allied to England’s old enemy France (“the auld alliance”) and war was common. • Ireland: England controls Dublin and “the Pale”; Cork; Waterford; elsewhere native Irish and Anglo-Irish are in charge; Fitzgeralds (Ear ...
... IV (Stuart); James married Henry’s sister Margaret; but Scotland was traditionally allied to England’s old enemy France (“the auld alliance”) and war was common. • Ireland: England controls Dublin and “the Pale”; Cork; Waterford; elsewhere native Irish and Anglo-Irish are in charge; Fitzgeralds (Ear ...
English Reformation
The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity across all of Europe during this period. Many factors contributed to the process: the decline of feudalism and the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law, the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible, the transmission of new knowledge and ideas among scholars, the upper and middle classes and readers in general. However, the various phases of the English Reformation, which also covered Wales and Ireland, were largely driven by changes in government policy, to which public opinion gradually accommodated itself.Based on Henry VIII's desire for an annulment of his marriage (first requested of Pope Clement VII in 1527), the English Reformation was at the outset more of a political affair than a theological dispute. The reality of political differences between Rome and England allowed growing theological disputes to come to the fore.Until the break with Rome, it was the Pope and general councils of the Church that decided doctrine. Church law was governed by the code of canon law with final jurisdiction in Rome. Church taxes were paid straight to Rome, and the Pope had the final word in the appointment of bishops.The break with Rome was effected by a series of acts of Parliament passed between 1532 and 1534, among them the 1534 Act of Supremacy which declared that Henry was the ""Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England"". (This title was renounced by Mary I in 1553 in the process of restoring papal jurisdiction; when Elizabeth I reasserted the royal supremacy in 1559 her title was Supreme Governor.) Final authority in doctrinal and legal disputes now rested with the monarch, and the papacy was deprived of revenue and the final say on the appointment of bishops.The theology and liturgy of the Church of England became markedly Protestant during the reign of Henry's son Edward VI largely along lines laid down by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. Under Mary, the whole process was reversed and the Church of England was again placed under papal jurisdiction. Soon after, Elizabeth reintroduced the Protestant faith but in a more moderate manner. The structure and theology of the church was a matter of fierce dispute for generations.The violent aspect of these disputes, manifested in the English Civil Wars, ended when the last Roman Catholic monarch, James II, was deposed, and Parliament asked William and Mary to rule jointly in conjunction with the English Bill of Rights in (the ""Glorious Revolution"") in 1688, from which emerged a church polity with an established church and a number of non-conformist churches whose members at first suffered various civil disabilities but which were removed over time. The legacy of the past Roman Catholic Establishment remained an issue for some time, and still exists today. A substantial minority remained Roman Catholic in England, and in an effort to disestablish it from British systems, their church organisation remained illegal until the 19th century.