Download Describe the location: A. Anterior, superior to the diaphragm, inferior

Medical Terminology: Unit 2 Exam Study Guide
Describe the location:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A. Anterior, superior to the diaphragm, inferior to the clavicle, and R lateral.
B. Anterior, superior to the femur (thigh), inferior to the stomach, L lateral
C. Anterior, ~3 inches distal to the R patella (knee), medial
D. Anterior, distal to the R metacarpals, medial
E. Posterior, inferior to T12 (thoracic portion of the spine), superior to the gluteus maximus, L lateral
F. Posterior, mid R scapula OR
G. L Posterior, distal to the popliteal fossa (back of the knee), proximal to the tarsals (ankle), medial
H. R Posterior, distal to the gluteus maximus, proximal to the popliteal fossa (back of the knee)
I. L posterior, in the antecubital region (elbow) OR L Posterior elbow.
J. R posterior, proximal to the carpals, distal to the elbows
Describe anatomical position: Face forward, thumbs out, feet shoulder width apart
Where does the transverse plane cut through? What imaging machine shows a transverse image?
Umbilicus; CT scan
Where does the frontal plane cut through? What imaging machine shows a frontal image? Down the body
through the axillary region (armpit area); X-rays/MRI
Where does the sagittal plane cut through? What imaging machine shows an image of the sagittal plane?
Through the body, while facing forward, vertically; MRI
Label the following on the image on the first page of your exam
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Superior
 Inferior
 Medial
 Lateral
 Distal

Proximal
6. Explain the difference between internal and external? Internal means the body part does not come in
contact with anything outside of the body. External means the body part can or does come in contact with
the environment outside of the body. Ex. Internal: Liver, spleen, brain External: Eyes, ears, nose, mouth,
vaginal canal
7. What does supine mean? What does prone mean? Supine: lying down with the anterior towards the sky;
Prone: Lying down with the posterior towards the sky
Using the word bank below, Answer questions 8- 20
Stomach
Small intestine Large Intestine
Rectum Anus Lungs Heart Brain
Spinal Cord
Liver
Gallbladder Sternum Diaphragm Spleen
Bladder
Uterus
8. What is contained in the posterior body cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Brain/nose/mouth/ anything on
the head
9. What is contained in the cranial cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Brain
10. What is contained in the vertebral cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Spinal cord
11. What is contained in the anterior body cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Stomach, small intestines, large
intestine, rectum, anus, lungs, heart, liver, spinal cord, gallbladder, sternum, diaphragm, spleen, bladder,
uterus
12. What is contained in the thoracic cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Lungs, Mediastinum, Heart
13. What is contained in the pleural cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Lungs
14. What is contained in the pericardial cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Heart
15. What is contained in the mediastinum cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Mediastinum
16. What is contained in the anterior body cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Repeat
17. What is contained in the abdominopelvic cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Stomach, small intestines. Large
intestine, rectum, anus, liver, gallbladder, spleen, bladder, uterus
18. What is contained in the abdominal cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] Stomach, small intestines. Large
intestine, liver, gallbladder, spleen
19. What is contained in the pelvic cavity? [What internal organ(s)?] rectum, anus, bladder, uterus
20. Why is the diaphragm important regarding body cavities? Separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
21. What is the hierarchy of the body from smallest particle to largest? Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism (AMOC TOOO)
22. How many cells are living things composed of? 2 or more
23. What is a cell? Basic structural and functional unit of life
24. Describe the plasma membrane and state its function: Cell wall; separates the inside of the cell from the
outside. Regulates what can come in and out of the cell
25. Describe the nucleus and state its function: Appears oval or circular; it’s the cells control center and stores
DNA to direct the breakdown of proteins.
26. Describe the cytoplasm and state its function: clear, thick, jelly like substance that suspends organelles
inside of a cell
27. Describe the Golgi Apparatus and state its function: Looks like an upside down WIFI signal. It’s the
distribution and shipping center. It stores and packages secretory products (enzymes/hormones) to
release through exocytosis or for packaging inside the vesicles.
28. Describe the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum and state their functions
 Smooth ER: No ribosomes; breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates
 Rough ER: Covered in ribosomes; newly created proteins are chemically modified and packaged to export
to the Golgi Apparatus
29. Describe a ribosome and state its function: 2 types: free and fixed. Free float in the cytoplasm, fixed are
attached to the rough ER. Both assemble proteins.
30. Describe mitochondria and state its function: Looks like a jelly bean/Mike and Ike; responsible for breaking
down sugar into energy
31. Describe a lysosome and state its function: Small and round with a membrane; breaks down larger food
molecules into smaller molecules. Digests old cell parts.
32. When writing a SOAP note, S stands for and means? Subject information. Information the patient gives
you that is not based on facts. Anything that is an opinion or cannot be proven. Ex. Pain is a 10/10; patient
states he fell and lost consciousness
33. When writing a SOAP note, O stands for and means? Objective information. Information that is based on
facts and things a provider can actively observe. Things like vital signs, any visible injuries, etc. AND, any
suggested labs/tests based on objective evidence
34. When writing a SOAP note, A stands for and means? Assessment. Tests done to rule out diagnoses.
35. When writing a SOAP note, P stands for and means? Plan. Include a diagnosis and educating the patient.
Any follow up information goes here as well.
36. Write a SOAP note for the following scenario. Make sure to translate layman’s terms into appropriate
medical terms and use 8 or more different abbreviations for full credit:
You arrive on scene to find an 86 year old man lying with his back on the ground, and facing up towards the
ceiling. He complains that he feels pain moving from the front of his thigh to the back of his thigh. The pain is
located on the front of his left thigh, about 4 inches above his knee. He says that the pain is the worst he’s
ever felt and that it rates a 10/10 on the pain scale. The man says that he was bringing in groceries and
proceeded to slip and fall in the kitchen. He also tells you that he hit his head on the tile and briefly passed
out. You examine the man’s leg and there is visible bruising around the area that the man describes as painful.
The man is looking rather whitish, sweaty, and appears to be confused and mumbling his words. You take the
man into the ambulance and take vital signs. They are: blood pressure 80/40; pulse 46 and you’re barely able
to feel it; and he’s breathing 26 times per minute without an adequate amount of air entering his lungs. On
the way to the hospital, you give the man oxygen through a non-rebreather mask and you stabilize the man’s
thigh bone with a traction splint. When you arrive you tell the nurses that you suspect a broken thigh bone
and that the man needs x-rays to confirm. The nurses x-ray the man’s thigh bone and confirm that it is broken.
The man ends up having surgery to stabilize his thigh bone and is casted. After the surgery, his doctor tells him
that he should have a home health aide to help him with activities of daily living until he gets his cast off. He is
also told to make sure to follow up with his primary care provider 2 weeks after being casted to monitor his
healing progress.
S: c/o pain radiating anteroposterior on pt L femur, ~4in proximal to the patella. Pt states “the pain is the
worst I’ve ever felt” and rates it a 10/10. Incident occurred while bringing in groceries and pt slipped in the
kitchen. Pt states he hit his head and LOC occurred.
O: 86 y/o (male) supine. Contusions to the L femur, ~4in proximal to the patella. Pt is pale, diaphoretic, and is
mumbling and confused. Pt is BIBA to the ED. VS enroute: BP 80/40, P 46 and thready, Resps 26 C inadequate
tidal volume. Provide 02 via nonrebreather mask to pt and stabilize femur with a traction splint. Suspect femur
fx.
A: X-ray – positive for femur fx.
P: Surgery to stabilize the femur and casted. Home health aide to assist with ADLs. Follow up with PCP in 2
weeks.