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Name ______________________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Block _______ Unit 4 Test: Evolution and Classification Tracker # correct/total SB3c. () ________/ 6 SB4f. () ________/ 2 SB5a. ________/ SB5b. ________/ SB5c. ________/ SB5d. ________/ SB5e. ________/ Strengths: Areas for Improvement: % <70% (Incomplete) 70-79% (Mastery) > 80% (Exceeding) Next Steps Name __________________________________________ Date _____________________ Block ________ Unit 4 Test: Evolution and Classification Classification Directions: Choose the best answer if given a choice. SB3c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. Use the table below to answer question #1. Animal A Animal B Animal C Animal D KINGDOM Animal Animal Animal Animal PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate CLASS Mammal Mammal Aves Aves ORDER Primate Primate Passeriformes Passeriformes FAMILY Pongidae Hominidae Fringillidae Fringillidae GENUS Pan Homo Spizella Serinus SPECIES troglodytes sapien passerine canaries 1. Which two animals have the most similar physical characteristics as well as the most recent common ancestor? a. b. c. d. Animals A and B because they are both mammals. Animals A and D because they are both in the phylum Chordata. Animals B and D because they are both part of the animal kingdom. Animals C and D because they are both part of the Fringillidae family. 2. A scientist finds an organism and during tests to find out what kind of organism it is, she discovers that it survives in extremely hot and extremely salty environments. This organism is most likely found in which of the following kingdoms? a. Protists b. Fungi c. Archaebacteria d. Eubacteria 3. Members of which level of classification are more closely related to each other? a. Domain b. Kingdom c. Family d. Species 4. Which of the following is the correct expression of binomial nomenclature? a. Drosophila melangaster b. Drosophila melangaster c. Drosophila Melangaster d. drosophila melangaster Using the diagram below, answer questions #5 - 8. 5. Which organisms have four limbs? a. Fishes and amphibians b. Fishes, amphibians, and reptiles c. Invertebrates and fishes d. Amphibians and reptiles 6. Which organisms share the most recent common ancestor? a. Invertebrates and fishes b. Fishes and amphibians c. Amphibians and reptiles d. Fishes and reptiles 7. Which trait(s) do fishes and reptiles have in common? a. Four limbs b. Backbone c. Egg with shell d. Both A and C 8. Use the dichotomous key below to classify the candy to the right. 9. a. b. c. d. Joyous rancheria Tutus rollus Chocolatus cyssan Ursa gummius Evolution SB4f. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions. 10. The Western Coral Snake (yellow stripes) is venomous and the California Kingsnake (white stripes) is non-venomous. The California Kingsnake has evolved to look like the Western Coral Snake so that it won’t become prey (eaten by other organisms). What is this adaptation called? a. Camouflage b. Blending c. Mimicry d. Diverging 11. Lions are a similar color of the tall grass in the savanna. They blend in with this tall grass so that they can pounce on their prey. What is this adaptation called? a. Camouflage b. Diverging c. Mimicry d. Imitation 12. Any inherited trait or characteristic that increases an organism’s chances for survival. a. Variation b. Genes c. Adaptation d. Fitness SB5a. Trace the history of the theory. 13. The children of body builders tend to be much more athletic, on average, than other children because the characteristics and abilities gained by their parents have been passed onto their children. This is an example of ______________________________. a. the theory of evolution b. the theory of natural selection c. the theory of acquired characteristics d. the theory of use and disuse 14. Which of the following statements best explains why Lamarck’s theory of evolution was later rejected? a. He believed that traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed down to its offspring. b. He believed that organisms changed over time through natural selection. c. He believed that organisms were adapted to their environment. d. He believed that all species were descendants of other species. 15. The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the ______________________________. a. similarities of the finches’ embryos b. finches’ differently shaped beaks that were best suited for the type of food they ate c. length of the finches’ necks that showed their ability to gather seeds d. number of eggs in each finches’ nest that showed their ability to reproduce 16. The observation by Darwin that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the conclusion that these finches _____________________________. a. have the ability to breed with other species b. acquired traits through the use and disuse of that trait c. all eat the same type of food d. originated from a common ancestor 17. A mother and father wanted a baby with blue eyes. The parents saw a geneticist and had them select the trait for blue eyes. What is this type of selection? a. Natural b. Artificial c. Selective d. Regenerative SB5b. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution. 18. Which of the following best describes the evolutionary theory of gradualism? a. Biological change occurs slowly and steadily over a long period of time. b. Biological change occurs quickly over a short period of time followed by long periods of little or no change. c. The mutations of a few genes result in a new species. d. Events that have occurred throughout the history of life have caused the extinction of species. 19. The Grand Canyon is a geographic barrier separating the Abert and Kaibab squirrels. These animals officially belong to the same species, they demonstrate distinct differences, and in time they might diverge enough to be classified as a separate species. What is this type of separation called? a. Physical isolation b. Reproductive isolation c. Geographic isolation d. Temporal isolation 20. In the natural world, what is the explanation for how new species arise? a. Two separate species, for instance a kangaroo and a koala bear mate to produce a new species kangakoalbeararoo. b. Sexual recombination and mutations can cause one population to adapt in a different way than another. c. If an animal changes during its lifetime, for example a bird loses a wing in an accident, it may then go on to produce an entire species of one winged birds. d. DNA cannot change or mutate therefore life is in a fixed state and cannot change. SB5c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. 21. A paleontologist went on an archeological dig and found an organism’s preserved remains. What are these remains called? a. Adaptations b. Fossils c. Shells d. Mutations 22. The eyes of an octopus are similar to human eyes, but did not develop from a common ancestor. What is the development of these similar eyes an example of? a. Homologous structures b. Analogous structures c. Fossilized structures d. Vestigial structures 23. The appendix in humans and the pelvic bones in snakes are considered ____________________ because they are no longer necessary, but it is thought that they are present because they were essential for the ancestors. a. Homologous structures b. Analogous structures c. Fossilized structures d. Vestigial structures 24. __________________ is the study of the early stages of development in organisms in which there are many similarities among different species. a. Paleontology b. Histology c. Embryology d. Biology 25. What biochemical (molecular) evidence has led scientists to believe that evolution has occurred? a. Fossils b. DNA and RNA c. Cells d. Embryos SB5d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms. 26. Which of the following is NOT one of the four principles of natural selection? a. Variation b. Mutation c. Heritability d. Overproduction 27. Which of the following best describes the main concept behind Darwin’s theory of natural selection? a. Organisms compete for limited resources. b. Organisms best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce. c. Organisms vary in their physical traits, and some traits are inheritable. d. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. 28. Which of the following best describes evolution? a. A small change over a short period of time. b. A big change over a short period of time. c. A hereditary change in groups of organisms over time. d. A small or big change over a long period of time. 29. Which of the following best describes the importance of variation in natural selection? a. Mutations and sexual recombination decreases the variation and allows organisms to adapt more quickly. b. Mutations and sexual recombination increases the variation and allows organisms to adapt more quickly. c. Mutations and sexual recombination has no effect on variations and therefore doesn’t affect natural selection. d. Variation isn’t important in natural selection. 30. Which is the best definition of Darwinian fitness? a. The ability of a population to eat and live in any environment, compared to other populations. b. The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in any potential environment, compared to other individuals of that population. c. The ability of a species to survive in a certain environment, compared to other species. d. The ability of a species to survive over time, compared to other species. 31. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals survive because ____________________. a. they acquire new physical characteristics during their lifetime b. they have the ability to decide whether or not they want to change their genes c. they have naturally occurring mutations that always lead to better characteristics d. they possess adaptations that increase their chances of survival 32. When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are eliminated. Which part of Darwin's theory of evolution may be used to describe this situation? a. Acquired characteristics b. Reproductive isolation c. Survival of the fittest d. Speciation due to mutations SB5e. Recognize the role of evolution to biological resistance (pesticide and antibiotic resistance) 33. A new antibiotic developed to treat bronchitis has become widely prescribed by doctors to patients with lung infections. Over time, the number of patients seen with bronchitis declined. However, the number of patients seen with bronchitis declined. However, the number of patients with a rare form of the bacteria that causes infection began to rise. Which of the following is most likely true about this strain of bacteria? a. The surviving strain has learned how to become resistant to the antibiotic. b. The drug company that developed the antibiotic did not test it correctly. c. There was genetic variability in the bacteria population before the antibiotic was used. d. The bacteria got used to the antibiotic and have learned to live with it. 34. How do some insects become resistant to a pesticide? a. The insects develop a method of surviving. b. Some insects have an adaptation that enables them to survive. c. The insects grow in habitats that protect them from pesticides. d. Pesticides change over time. 35. Some insect species have developed an ability to resist pesticides. Which statement best describes this phenomenon? a. Because their survival depended on it, the insects developed variations that made them resistant to poisons. b. Natural selection results in an unfavorable variation for the insects. c. Random variation in the population led to a population with a favorable adaptation. d. Some of the insects became instantly immune when the poisons were introduced into their environment. Short answer. Answer all of the following questions in complete sentences. 36. Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur both performed experiments that disproved spontaneous generation. Define spontaneous generation and explain how Pasteur or Redi disproved the idea of spontaneous generation. (3 points) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 37. Explain the Lamarck’s principles of use and disuse. (3 points) ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 38. Using the chart below create a cladogram using all of the organisms and their derived characteristics. (10 points) Hagfish Salmon Frog Chimpanzee Humans Jaws Lungs Claws or nails No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Mammary glands No No No Yes Yes Bipedal No No No No Yes Essay (10 pts.) Choose ONE of the following essays to answer. Use complete sentences and proper grammar. 1. Using your knowledge of the evidence for evolution, make an argument for or against the theory of evolution. Be sure to use specific evidence to back up your claim. OR 2. Explain Darwin’s four principles of natural selection. Explain how each of these principles can lead to biodiversity. Option #: _________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Bonus 1. Humans did not come from chimpanzees, but we do share a __________________________. (1 point) 2. Create a dichotomous key for these two pieces of candy. (5 points)
