Download Breaking the chain of infection

The chain of infection
Infection can only spread when the conditions are right – we call this set of conditions the 'chain of infection'. Think of the conditions as links in a chain –
when all the links are connected, infection spreads. More importantly, 'breaking the chain' at any point stops infection from spreading. Our infection
control processes and procedures all aim to break the chain of infection.
Infectious agent
Infectious agents are microorganisms (or microbes) with the ability to cause
infection. The greater its ability to grow and multiply, enter tissue, and cause
disease, the greater the possibility that the microbe will cause infection.
Reservoir
The 'reservoir' is where microbes live and where microorganisms can survive, thrive
and reproduce.
Portal of exit
A place of exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir.
Mode of transmission
The way in which the organism moves or is carried from one place to another.
Portal of entry
An opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host.
Susceptible host
The human body has natural defences to prevent pathogens entering via the portals
of entry described above, but some people get sick anyway. People who are
susceptible hosts lack the immunity to overcome invasion by microorganisms.
HC2045 | ©WestOne Services 2013
Breaking the chain of infection
Breaking the chain of infection at any point stops infection from spreading, however you should always aim to break the chain of infection as early as
possible. Listed below are the best ways to break the chain at each point.
Infectious agent
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preventative treatment – for
those who may be exposed
rapid identification
Reservoir
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good health and hygiene
environmental sanitation
Portal of exit
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hand hygiene
control of excretions and
secretions
Mode of transmission
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hand hygiene
proper food handling
isolation procedures
Portal of entry
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hand hygiene
wound care
Susceptible host
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treatment of primary disease
recognising high risk clients.
HC2045 | ©WestOne Services 2013
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prompt treatment – for those
infected
good health and hygiene.
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disinfection/sterilisation
hand hygiene.
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proper attire
appropriate disposal of trash and
waste.
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airflow control
disinfection/sterilisation.
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catheter care
aseptic technique
HC2045 | ©WestOne Services 2013