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The Renaissance Study Guide Be able to identify the following people: (Who were they? What did they do/write?) Renaissance People Who were they? What did they do? (write, paint, invent, etc.) Wrote about the need for a pure and simplified Christian church. Made people even more unhappy with the Roman Catholic Church. her work The City of Women discusses the role of women in society. She championed the causes of equality and education for women. Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, Merchant of Venice. Used language that appealed to everyone & themes Invented movable type- First printing was a 1,282 page Bible Desiderius Erasmus Dutch priest and humanist Christine de Pisan French poet and author; William Shakespeare English playwright; Johannes Gutenberg German inventor/printer Sir Thomas More English humanist, wrote Utopiaabout a perfect society based on reason Albrecht Durer German artist – influenced by the Italian Renaissance – painted in oil Jan van Eyck Flemish artist – Pieter Brueghel Flemish painter – Hans Holbein German painter – Arnolfini Wedding Portrait focused on landscape and domestic life used Italian techniques but focused on everyday peasant life – Hunters in the Snow known for portraits – worked for Henry VIII Leonardo da Vinci Italian- Renaissance ManPainter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, architect, musician, philosopher Italian painter Italian painter, sculptor Sandro Botticelli Michelangelo Mona Lisa, The Last Supper Birth of Venus Sistine chapel, Creation of Adam, marble statue of David, Donatello Italian sculptor liked by the Medici Bronze David Raphael Italian Painter School of Athens Nicolo Machiavelli Itialian writer Wrote The Prince – detailed how to take power and how to rule - Castiglione Italian Humanist writer Wrote The Courtier – handbook on how to be a gentleman What were the following books about? Who wrote them? Book Author Subject Utopia Sir Thomas More An ideal society Romeo & Juliet William Shakespeare Love story about feuding families The Prince Machiavelli How to rule- Better to be feared than loved The Book of the Courtier Castiglione How to be a gentleman/woman – rules for behavior in society The City of Women Christine de Pisan Equality for women – in society and education What does Renaissance mean? Rebirth/renewed interest in human – centered classical art, lit and learning What did you need to know to be a gentleman or gentlewoman in the Renaissance? o Know Greek and Latin (Greek and Roman culture influence the Renaissance) o Serious and amusing topics (be able to talk to anyone about anything wellrounded education o Know poetry (rhythmic structured or unstructured usually expresses some kind of emotion) and prose (writing – the ordinary form of spoken or written language) Who had the most power in Italy? The Pope and the Catholic Church, The Medici What are patrons? People who give money to artists and sponsor their work What is Humanism? Rebirth/renewed interest in human – centered classical art, lit and learning What were the causes of the Renaissance? Rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of the arts, the growth of large, wealthy city-states, increased trade as a result of the Crusades How did the Renaissance spread north? Trade, the movement of artists and scholars, and the development of printing helped spread Renaissance ideas northward. What are the features of Renaissance art? Humanism: an intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of worldly subjects, such as poetry and philosophy, and on human potential and achievements Secular: Focus on worldly rather than religious matters – religion is still important but not the focus of all art Classicism: Respect for ancient Greek and Roman art, architecture, literature and philosophy Scholarship: Emphasis on reasoning, questioning and experimentation -education Individualism: Emphasis on the dignity and worth of the individual person What are the differences between Renaissance art in Italy and in the North? Italian Northern Realism Use of oils Perspective Love of detail Classical inspiration (Greco-Roman Realistic depictions of people Religious influence & subject matter Symbolism to represent religion More of a focus on high society Variety of subjects: Landscapes, Everyday life, Focus on peasant life What are the differences between Renaissance art & medieval art? Medieval Art All art is a portrait or religiously based Usually portraits of rich or religious figures Unscientific: Renaissance Art Variety of subjects Doesn’t have to be religious or a portrait Can be anything mostly related to human life Scientific: No Shadows or depth 3D figures unrealistic figures Depth & shading Expressive No free standing sculpture Free Standing Sculptures No Nudes Nudes Greco-Roman influence Know the following works of art & their creator: The School of Athens - Raphael Hunters in the Snow – Brueghel The Mona Lisa – Da Vinci David (bronze and marble) Bronze – Donatello, Marble - Michelangelo The Creation of Adam – Michelangelo