Download The Crusades

The Crusades
From Europe to Jerusalem
The World in 1050
•Islamic Civilization goes from Spain, across
Northern Africa to the Middle East and
India.
•India and China have large cities with
temples and trade. Indians invented a
numbering system which the Arabs adapted
and we use today. China was way ahead of
Europe economically and technologically
The World in 1050
•African and American Civilizations West Africa
had a civilization that focused on trade,
particularly on gold. The Mayas and other
Native Americans were creating works of art,
temples, pottery, and textiles.
•Byzantine Civilization- Rival to Islam, used to
be the Eastern Roman Empire. Still had
knowledge, reading, writing, etc. In the capitol
of Constantinople traders from all over the
world gathered
Seljuk Invasion
•Seljuk Turks, who were Muslim, invaded the
Byzantine Empire in Turkey
• Conquered most of
Turkey and attempted
to capture Palestine
and Jerusalem, the
“Holy Land”
Call for Help
•Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked for
help from Pope Urban II in 1095
•Urban and council declared “Deus lo Vult!” or
“God Wills it!” and called for a crusade to free
the holy land from the Muslim Seljuk Turks
•The Pope also wanted to heal the rift between
the Eastern and Western church, and get
Christian knights fighting Muslims instead of
each other
Crusaders
•Wore crosses on their tunics
and shields
•Went for three things:
• God- Pope Urban II said this was a
holy cause
• Glory- Escape from boring manor life,
a chance for an adventure
• Gold- Chance of wealth and lands for people
of all stations
The First and Second Crusades
•After a long, bloody campaign
Christian knights captured Jerusalem in 1099
• ONLY successful crusade
• Murdered Jewish and Muslim residents to
celebrate
•Crusaders divided captured lands into 4 small
states which were constantly attacked by
Muslims
• These attacks led to the Second Crusade to defend
these lands, but it failed.
The Third Crusade
•In 1197, The Muslim Leader
Salah al-Din took back Jerusalem
•The Third Crusade tries to take
Jerusalem back, but fails
•However, after negotiating with Salah al-Din
he reopened the Holy City to Christian
pilgrims
The Fourth Crusade
•Crusaders were diverted
from fighting Muslims to
fighting other Christians
•Helped Venetian
merchants defeat Byzantine trade rivals in 1204,
then captured and looted Constantinople, capitol
of the Byzantine Empire!
•Meanwhile Muslim Armies overrun the Crusader
States and Christians are defeated in 1291
Impact of the Crusades
• Increased Trade- returning crusaders brought new
products, crusade ships later turned into trade vessels
• Increased Church Power- Popes became their most
powerful because of respect for the church’s mission
• Increased Lord’s Power- Rulers led crusades to increase
their reputation
• Spread of Money Economy- because crusaders needed
money rather than grain or labor to crusade. Helped to
end Serfdom
• Widened World View- Increased European desire for
exploration through the stories crusaders brought back