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Name: ______________________________ US History I Three Plans for Reconstruction Issues Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Congressional Reconstruction Plan Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Would the U.S. pardon highranking Confederate leaders? Lincoln would not pardon high-ranking Confederate leaders and military leaders. Congress would not pardon high-ranking Confederate officers or government officials. Johnson issued 13,000 pardons to former Confederate officers, government officials, and wealthy plantation owners. Would the U.S. pardon the Confederate soldiers and citizens? Most former Confederate soldiers and civilians would be pardoned for supporting the Confederacy if they took an oath of allegiance to the United States government. Southern civilians would be pardoned ONLY if they promised that they had NEVER voluntarily supported the Confederacy. Confederate soldiers would not be pardoned. Former Confederates soldiers and civilians would be pardoned for supporting the Confederacy if they took an oath of allegiance to the United States government. When would the U.S. readmit the Southern states? A state would be readmitted once 10 % of its voters swore an oath of allegiance and promised to uphold the United States Constitution (including the 13th Amendment which outlawed slavery) and Congress’s laws A state would be readmitted once 51% of its voters swore an oath of allegiance and promised to uphold the United States Constitution (including the 13th Amendment which outlawed slavery) and Congress’s laws. States would be readmitted to the Union after the met several conditions: renounce its secession, forgive war debts, and each would need to ratify the 13th Amendment separately. When 10% of a state’s voters swore their allegiance, they could rewrite their constitution, elect new state leaders, and start a new government. When 51% of state’s voters swore their allegiance, they could rewrite their constitution, elect new state leaders, and start a new state government. Anyone who had voluntarily fought against the United States was banned from participation in the new state governments. State governments were reinstated without loyalty oaths. Johnson’s 13,000 pardons allowed many of the same wealthy southern landowners who had held power before the war to regain control of the state governments. Who would run the Southern state governments? What would happen to the plantations owned by Southerners? Lincoln guaranteed Southerners that he would protect their property (except for slaves). A Freedman’s Bureau would redistribute lands confiscated from Southern plantation owners to former slaves and poor whites. Anyone who pledged loyalty to the Union could lease forty acres of land from the bureau and then have the option to purchase them several years later. Johnson would return all confiscated land back to Southern plantation owners. What about the future of slavery in the United States? States were required to approve the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, in order to be readmitted to the United States. States were required to approve the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, in order to be readmitted to the United States. States were required to approve the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, in order to be readmitted to the United States. Lincoln ordered several of his generals to resettle former slaves on some of the confiscated lands. Over forty thousand former slaves were resettled on lands along the South Carolina coast and on islands off the coast of Georgia. The Freedmen’s Bureau would distribute food and supplies, and establish schools for former slaves. Johnson opposed the Freedmen’s Bureau because he felt giving former slaves special help would be detrimental to the South. He also believed the Freedman’s Bureau was an example of the federal government taking power that belonged to the states. Lincoln made no provisions in his plans for Freedman citizenship or voting rights. His plan was created to make the re-admission of Southern states as smooth as possible. Congress wanted to extend citizenship rights to African Americans and guarantee them equal protection of the laws. Originally there was no discussion of giving former slaves the right to vote. Later Congress wanted to guarantee this right with a constitutional amendment. Johnson did not offer any security or protections for former slaves. Johnson believed that it should be up to the states to decide to give former slaves the right to vote. Would anything be done to help former slaves? Would former slaves get citizenship and/or the right to vote? Name: _______________________________ US History I Questions to Consider: Three Plans for Reconstruction Directions: Please answer in complete sentences. 1. Which Reconstruction plan was the harshest in its treatment of former Confederates? Provide support for your answer. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Which Reconstruction plan was the most lenient in its treatment of former Confederates? Provide support for your answer. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Which plan was the most generous in its treatment of former slaves? Provide support for your answer. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Which Reconstruction plan would you have implemented if you had been the president? Explain why. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What do you think was the most controversial issue in the plans for Reconstruction? Explain why. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________