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Final Jeopardy
Classical
Operant Conditioning: Cognitive
Conditioning Conditioning Finer Points Learning
Hodge Podge
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Conducted
pioneering
research in
classical
conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Something that
naturally or
automatically
causes a specific
response in an
organism
Unconditioned
Stimulus (UCS)
Once a neutral
stimulus becomes a
conditioned stimulus,
it may function as an
unconditioned
stimulus to elicit new
learning.
Higher-Order
Conditioning
What 3 variables
must exist in order
for classical
conditioning to be
successful?
Strength
Timing
Frequency
Postulated the concept of
“blocking” – previous
learning prevents
conditioning to a second
stimulus when the two
stimuli are presented
together
Leon Kamin
A stimulus or event that
follows a behavior and
makes that behavior more
likely to occur again
Reinforcer
Method of decreasing
behavior is directly
threatening to organism’s
survival
Primary
Punishment
Reinforcement of
successive
approximations to
the desired
behavior
Shaping
Researched cats
learning to escape
puzzle boxes when
reinforced with food.
Laid groundwork for
future research in
operant conditioning
E.L. Thorndike
Which four criteria
must effective
punishment meet?
Swift
Certain
Sufficient
Consistent
If Michael receives a sticker from
his teacher every Friday just
because it’s Friday, which schedule
of reinforcement is being used?
Fixed Interval
Operant technique that
teaches people to gain
voluntary control over
bodily processes like
heart rate and blood
pressure
Biofeedback
After extinction, the
recurrence of the
conditioned response
Spontaneous
Recovery
Alternative to punishment in
which organism is given a
warning before punishment
occurs
Avoidance Training
Conducted research on backward
conditioning. Found a tone could
generate fear or relaxation,
depending if it came before or after
a shock
Robert Rescorla
Using what you know to figure
out something you don’t
Generative
Learning
Learning that takes place before
the subject realizes it and is not
immediately reflected in
behavior
Latent Learning
Refers to increasing
effectiveness at problem
solving through experience
Learning Sets
Performed research
on observational
learning involving
bobo dolls
Albert Bandura
Where, specifically,
are mirror neurons
concentrated?
Frontal lobe of the
brain
An organism may learn to
respond not only to the
CS, but also to other
stimuli that are similar to
the CS.
Stimulus
Generalization
Conditioned behaviors that
work well with organism’s
instinctive behaviors and
are easy to train
Preparedness
Decreased response to a
stimulus judged to be of
little or no importance
Habituation
Increased response to a
stimulus when we are
anticipating an important
stimulus
Sensitization
John is afraid of water bottles. His
psychologist begins systematic
desensitization therapy. John’s
first task is rank his fears related
to water bottles from highest to
lowest. What is this list called?
Fear Hierarchy
Make your wager
A) What is learned
helplessness?
B)Who conducted research
on learned helplessness?
A) Not repeating a behavior
due to repeated failures
B) Seligman