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Learning Objectives PHYS 2025 (Fall 2009, Buckley) Text References to Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Giancoli, 4th Edition (Chapter exercises are segregated into the different chapter sections – practice them) Learning Objectives Textbook Section(s) Chapter 21 – Electric Charge and Electric Field Basics of Electric Charge 1.1 Identify two basic charge types and their historical and physical origin 1.2 Distinguish between insulators, semiconductors, and conductors 1.3 Describe the functioning of an electroscope 1.4 Recognize conduction and induction from electroscope information Working with Coulomb’s Law 2.1 State Coulomb’s Law 2.2 Work with Coulomb’s Law in general – effects of doubling, tripling, etc. charges and distances 2.3 Manipulate Coulomb’s Law to find missing information 2.4 State and apply the vector form of Coulomb’s Law Electric Field 3.1 Define electric field 3.2 Manipulate electric field definition to find missing information 3.3 Determine the force on a charge in an electric field 3.4 Use the superposition principle to find the field at a point due to multiple fields 3.5 Apply the integrated form of the electric field definition to straightforward cases of a continuous charge distribution 3.6 Relate electric field lines to magnitude and direction of electric field 3.7 Define an electric dipole 3.8 Interpret electric field diagrams, such as Figure 21-34 3.9 Recognize the electric field inside a conductor is zero in a static situation 3.10 Recognize the electric field is always perpendicular to the surface outside a conductor Practical Applications (time permitting) 4.1 Given sufficient information determine the torque on an electric dipole 4.2 Determine the electric field produced by a dipole 4.3 Describe the influence of electrical charges in DNA replication (16-11) 4.4 Describe the role of electrostatics in photocopy machines (16-12) 21-1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation 21-2 Electric Charge in the Atom 21-3 Insulators and Conductors 21-4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope 21-5 Coulomb’s Law 21-6 The Electric Field 21-7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions 21-8 Field Lines 21-9 Electric Fields and Conductors 21-11 Electric Dipoles 21-12 Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structures and Replication 21-13 Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics Chapter 22 – Gauss’s Law 5.1 Given sufficient information determine the electric flux through an area Gauss’s Law 6.1 State Gauss’s Law 6.2 Apply Gauss’s Law to determine the electric field inside a sphere 22-1 Electric Flux 22-2 Gauss’s Law 22-3 Applications of Gauss’s Law Self-evaluation Needs Got It Work? Learning Objectives PHYS 2025 (Fall 2009, Buckley) Text References to Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Giancoli, 4th Edition (Chapter exercises are segregated into the different chapter sections – practice them) Learning Objectives Textbook Section(s) Chapter 23 – Electric Potential Electric Potential 6.1 Identify change in electric potential as work done in moving a charge 6.2 Define electric potential as the difference in potential between two points 6.3 Recognize the unit of volt (V) as 1 J/C 6.4 Relate the electric field and electric potential 7.1 Determine the electric potential due to point charges and systems of point charges 7.2 Determine the electric potential due to continuous distributions of charges 8.1 Relate equipotential lines/equipotential surfaces to electric potential 8.2 Recognize that equipotential surfaces must be perpendicular to the electric field at any point 9.3 Work with units of electron-volts 23-1 Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference 23-2 Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field 23-3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges 23-4 Potential Energy due to Any Charge Distribution 23-5 Equipotential Surfaces 23-8 Electrostatic Potential Energy: the Electron Volt Chapter 24 – Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage Electric Devices 10.1 Describe the function of a capacitor 10.2 Define the term capacitance 10.3 Recognize the unit of farad (F) as 1 C/V 10.4 Use the mathematical relationship for a parallel plate capacitor to find missing info 10.5 Determine analytically the capacitance of simple geometric capacitors 11.1 Define dielectric constant and dielectric strength 11.2 Qualitatively describe the effects of inserting various dielectrics into a capacitor 11.3 Describe molecularly the operation of a dielectric 12.1 Determine the energy stored in a capacitor 24-1 Capacitors 24-2 Determination of Capacitance 24-5 Dielectrics 24-6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics 24-4 Electric Energy Storage Self-evaluation Needs Got It Work? Chapter 25 – Electric Currents Electric Current 13.1 Describe the makeup of a simple electric cell 14.1 Describe mathematically the definition of current 14.2 Recognize the unit of ampere (A) as 1 C/s 14.3 Determine missing quantities from problems involving current, charge, and time 14.4 Distinguish conventional current from electron flow Resistance to Current Flow 15.1 Identify the source(s) of resistance in a material 15.2 Manipulate Ohm’s Law to find missing information 15.3 Draw the symbol for a resistor 15.4 Given the resistor color code and a resistor, state its resistance 15.5 Work with resistivity relationship in general – effects of doubling, tripling, etc., lengths, resistivity, and cross-sectional areas 15.6 Correct for the temperature dependence of resistivity Electric Power – energy delivered per time 16.1 Recognize the power delivered as the product of current and voltage 16.2 Recognize the unit of power, the watt (W), as 1 J/s 16.3 For a resistor, manipulate the relationships P = I2R and P = V2/R 16.4 Recognize the kilowatt-hour as a unit of energy 16.5 Determine power demands in household-type circuits Alternating Current 17.1 Distinguish between alternating and direct current 17.2 Define the terms peak voltage, peak current, rms voltage, and rms current 17.3 Manipulate the expressions relating the terms defined in 10.2 25-1 The Electric Battery 25-2 Electric Current 25-3 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Resistors 25-4 Resistivity 25-5 Electric Power 25-6 Power in Household Circuits 25-7 Alternating Current Chapter 26 – DC Circuits Battery Terminology 18.1 Distinguish between emf and terminal voltage of a battery 18.2 Manipulate the expression relating emf, terminal voltage, and internal resistance of a battery to find missing information Resistors in Combination 19.1 Given a circuit, determine whether the resistors are in series or parallel 19.2 Determine the equivalent resistance of resistors in series 19.3 Determine the equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel 19.4 Determine the equivalent resistance of combinations of resistors in series and in parallel Apply Kirchoff’s Rules to Electric Circuits Containing Combinations of Resistors 20.1 State Kirchoff’s junction rule and loop rule 20.2 Solve for missing information in complex circuits containing multiple resistors Capacitors in Combination 21.1 Given a circuit, determine whether the resistors are in series or parallel 21.2 Determine the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in parallel 21.3 Determine the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series 21.4 Determine the equivalent capacitance of combinations of capacitors in parallel and in series RC Circuits 26-1 EMF and Terminal Voltage 26-2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel 26-3 Kirchoff’s Rules 24-3 Circuits Containing Capacitors in Series and in Parallel 22.1 Qualitatively describe the voltage-time behavior of an RC circuit 22.2 Define the time constant of an RC circuit 22.3 Manipulate the voltage, time, R, and C relationship to find missing information Electric Hazards 23.1 Identify electric hazards, particularly around the household Practical Applications 26-5 Circuits Containing Resistor and Capacitor (RC Circuits) 26-6 Electric Hazards Chapter 27 – Magnetism Magnets and Magnetic Fields 27-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields 24.1 Define the north and south poles of a magnet 24.2 Identify the direction of a magnetic field as the direction a north pole of a compass needle would point 24.3 Identify the density of magnetic field lines as an indication of the magnitude at a point 24.4 Sketch magnetic field lines about a bar magnet 24.5 Recognize that electric field lines start on positive charges and end on negative charges, in contrast to magnetic field lines that always form closed loops Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Magnetic Field Due to Current in a Wire 25.1 Use right-hand rule #1 (see Table 20-1) to identify the direction of the magnetic field 27-2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields generated by a current in various configurations of wire Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field 27-3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic 26.1 Define the term magnetic field 26.2 Recognize the tesla (T) and gauss (G) as units for magnetic field Field; Definition of B 26.3 Determine the magnitude of force applied to a current-carrying wire by a magnet 26.4 Apply right-hand rule #2 (see Table 20-1) to determine the direction of the force applied to a current-carrying wire by a magnet 26.5 Manipulate the relationship between force, magnetic field, current, length, and angle to find missing information 26.6 Recognize the symbol θ to represent field lines going into the page and the symbol υ to represent field lines coming out of the page Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field 27-4 Force on Electric Charge Moving in a 27.1 Apply right-hand rule #3 (see Table 20-1) to determine the direction of deflection of a Magnetic Field charged particle moving in a magnetic field 27.2 Manipulate the relationship between force, charge, magnitude of velocity, magnetic field strength, and angle to find missing information Chapter 28 – Sources of Magnetic Field Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Magnetic Field and Force Due to Long Straight Wires 28-1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire 28.1 Manipulate the relationship between magnetic field, current, and distance from a long current-carrying wire to find missing information 28.2 Determine the magnetic field between multiple long current-carrying wires 28.3 Determine the force between two long parallel current-carrying wires 28-2 Force between Two Parallel Wires Statement and Application of Ampere’s Law 29.1 State and explain Ampere’s Law 28-4 Ampere’s Law 29.2 Apply Ampere’s Law to suitably symmetric physical situations Applications of Magnetic Field/Electric Current Relationships 30.1 Manipulate the relationship between magnetic field strength, current, length, and number 28-5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid of turns in a solenoid to determine missing information 30.2 Describe the difference between a solenoid and an electromagnet Practical Applications (time permitting) 31.1 Describe the operation of a galvanometer 31.2 Manipulate the relationship between the deflection of a galvanometer needle, current, coil area, number of turns, magnetic field, and angle of deflection to find missing information 31.3 Define the basic components of an electric motor – rotor (armature), commutators, brushes 31.4 Describe the basic operation of a mass spectrometer Microsopic Origins of Magnetic Domains 32.1 Describe the origin of ferromagnetism in terms of domains 32.2 Define the Curie temperature for a magnet 32.3 Distinguish between ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism 32.4 Define the term hysteresis for a magnet 27-6 Motors, Loudspeakers, Galvanometers 28-7 Magnetic Materials - Ferromagnetism Chapter 29 – Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday’s Law Electromagnetic Induction 33.1 Recognize that a changing magnetic field induces an emf 33.2 Determine the magnetic flux for various physical arrangements 33.3 Apply Faraday’s law of induction 33.4 State and apply Lenz’s Law to predict the direction of current generated in various physical arrangements 33.5 Determine the emf induced in a moving conductor 33.6 Manipulate the relationship between emf, magnetic field, length, and velocity to find missing information Applications 34.1 Describe the operation of electric generators 34.2 Apply the generator equation 34.3 Describe the operation of a transformer 34.4 Apply the transformer equation to find missing information 34.5 Describe the role of induction in various applications (time permitting) 29-1 Induced EMF 29-2 Faraday’s Law of Induction; Lenz’s Law 29-3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor 29-4 Electric Generators 29-6 Transformers and Transmission of Power 29-8 Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, Seismograph, GFCI Chapter 31 – Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves Nature of Electromagnetic Waves 35.1 Describe the origin of electromagnetic waves in terms of Maxwell’s equations 35.2 State Maxwell’s Equations 35.3 Work with Mawell’s Equations in symmetric situations 35.4 Describe the production of electromagnetic waves by an accelerating electric charge The Electromagnetic Spectrum 36.1 Properly arrange radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays in order by wavelength and frequency 36.2 Interconvert frequency, wavelength, and wave speed 36.3 Describe approaches to the measurement of the speed of light 31-1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current 31-3 Mawell’s Equations 31-4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves 31-6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 31-7 Measuring the Speed of Light Chapter 32 – Light: Reflection and Refraction 37.1 Describe the ray model of light Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations: A Plane Mirror 32-1 The Ray Model of Light 38.1 State the Law of Reflection 38.2 Distinguish between specular and diffuse reflectance 38.3 Identify the image formed by a plane mirror as a virtual image 38.4 Locate the image formed by a plane mirror Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations: Spherical Mirrors 39.1 Describe convex and concave mirrors 39.2 Define the terms focal point, focal length, principal axis, paraxial rays, and spherical aberration 39.3 Draw ray diagrams to analyze optical situations involving spherical mirrors 39.4 Apply the mirror equation to determine image location, magnification, orientation, and type for situations involving spherical mirrors Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations 40.1 Define the index of refraction as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material of interest 40.2 Apply Snell’s Law indices of refraction, angle of incidence, and angle of refraction to find missing information 40.3 State the order of colors in the visible spectrum in order of frequency and/or wavelength 40.4 Describe the origin of dispersion 40.5 Determine the critical angle for internal reflection 32-2 Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror 32-3 Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors 32-4 Index of Refraction 32-5 Refraction: Snell’s Law 32-6 Visible Spectrum and Dispersion 32-7 Total Internal Reflection: Fiber Optics Chapter 33 – Lenses and Optical Instruments Applications of the Ray Model to Lenses 33-1 Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing 41.1 Define a thin lens 41.2 Define converging lens; diverging lens; diopter; power 41.3 Draw ray diagrams for converging and diverging thin lenses 41.4 Identify from a ray diagram the image location, magnification, orientation, and type for situations involving converging and diverging lenses. 42.1 Apply the Thin Lens Equation to find the image location, magnification, orientation, and 33-2 The Thin Lens Equation; Magnification type for situations involving converging and diverging lenses Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations: Combinations of Lenses and the Lensmaker’s Equation 33-3 Combinations of Lenses 43.1 Draw ray diagrams for combinations of thin lenses to determine image location, magnification, orientation, and type 43.2 Apply thin lens equations to combinations of lenses to determine image location, magnification, orientation, and type 43.3 Apply the Lensmaker’s equation to a lens with multiple faces 33-4 Lensmaker’s Equation Chapter 34 – The Wave Nature of Light; Interference Huygen’s Principle 44.1 State Huygen’s Principle 44.2 Illustrate Huygen’s Principle using diagrams Interference, Dispersion, and Diffraction 45.1 Define constructive and destructive interference 45.2 Determine the location of bright fringes and dark lines in a double-slit experiment 45.3 Identify the origin of the intensity patterns in a double-slit experiment 34-1 Waves Versus Particles; Huygen’s Principle and Diffraction 34-3 Interference – Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 34-4 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern Chapter 35 – Diffraction and Polarization Diffraction in Single-Slit and Double-Slit Experiments 46.1 Describe the origin of diffraction 46.2 Locate the minima in a diffraction pattern generated by a single slit 35-1 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk 46.3 Locate the maxima after light passes through a diffraction grating 47.1 Describe plane polarized light 47.2 Determine the intensity of light passing through crossed polarizers 35-7 Diffraction Grating 35-11 Polarization Chapter 17 – Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law Atomic Theory Implications for Phases 48.1 Identify the forces causing the condensation of matter Temperature and its Origins 48.1 Interconvert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales Thermal Expansion 49.1 Apply the linear thermal expansion equation to physical situations with small temperature changes and expansions 49.2 Apply the volume thermal expansion equation to physical situations with small temperature changes and expansions The Ideal Gas Law and its Applications 50.1 State Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, and Gay-Lussac’s Law 50.2 Given sufficient information, solve the above gas laws for missing information 50.3 State the ideal gas law 50.4 Manipulate the ideal gas law to find missing information Relationship Between Gas Laws and Molecules 50.5 Use the relationship between moles and number of particles in the ideal gas law 17-1 Atomic Theory of Matter 17-2 Temperature and Thermometers 17-4 Thermal Expansion 17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature 17-7 The Ideal Gas Law 17-8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law 17-9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro’s Number Chapter 18 – Kinetic Theory of Gases Relationship Between Temperature and Average Molecular Speed 51.1 State the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory 51.2 Recognize the relationship between average translational kinetic energy and absolute temperature Maxwell Distribution 52.1 Given sufficient information, apply the Maxwell model to predict information regarding the distribution of speeds in a gas sample 18-1 Kinetic Theory and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature 18-2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds Chapter 19 – Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics The Nature of Heat and Internal Energy 53.1 Work with the units of heat – cal and J 53.2 Recognize that heat is transferred as the result of temperature difference 53.3 List components that contribute to the internal energy of a system Heat and its Relationship to Temperature Change and Phase Changes 54.1 Define specific heat 54.2 Manipulate the expression for specific heat to find missing information 54.3 Apply specific heat concepts to solve calorimetry problems 54.4 Apply specific heat and latent heat concepts to determine missing information as materials change temperature and/or phase Methods of Heat Transfer 55.1 Define heat transfer by conduction 55.2 Manipulate equation for heat conduction to find missing information 55.3 Define heat transfer by convection 55.4 Define heat transfer by radiation 55.5 Manipulate the Stefan-Boltzmann equation to find missing information 19-1 Heat as Energy Transfer 19-2 Internal Energy 19-3 Specific Heat 19-4 Calorimetry – Solving Problems 19-5 Latent Heat 19-10 Heat Transfer: Conduction The First Law of Thermodynamics 56.1 State the First Law of Thermodynamics 56.2 Apply the First Law of Thermodynamics to calculate work done in various situations 19-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics 19-7 The First Law of Thermodynamics; Calculating the Work Chapter 20 – Second Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics 57.1 State the Second Law of Thermodynamics 57.2 Determine the efficiency of a heat engine 57.3 Determine the efficiency of a Carnot engine 57.4 Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes 57.5 Determine the coefficient of performance of heat engines, air conditioners, and refrigerators 57.6 Relate entropy to the Second Law of Thermodynamics 57.7 Relate entropy to the spontaneity of natural processes 20-1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics – Introduction 20-2 Heat Engines 20-4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps 20-6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics