Download Chapter 21 – Electric Charge and Electric Field Chapter 22

Learning Objectives
PHYS 2025 (Fall 2009, Buckley)
Text References to Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Giancoli, 4th Edition
(Chapter exercises are segregated into the different chapter sections – practice them)
Learning Objectives
Textbook Section(s)
Chapter 21 – Electric Charge and Electric Field
Basics of Electric Charge
1.1 Identify two basic charge types and their historical and physical origin
1.2 Distinguish between insulators, semiconductors, and conductors
1.3 Describe the functioning of an electroscope
1.4 Recognize conduction and induction from electroscope information
Working with Coulomb’s Law
2.1 State Coulomb’s Law
2.2 Work with Coulomb’s Law in general – effects of doubling, tripling, etc. charges and
distances
2.3 Manipulate Coulomb’s Law to find missing information
2.4 State and apply the vector form of Coulomb’s Law
Electric Field
3.1 Define electric field
3.2 Manipulate electric field definition to find missing information
3.3 Determine the force on a charge in an electric field
3.4 Use the superposition principle to find the field at a point due to multiple fields
3.5 Apply the integrated form of the electric field definition to straightforward cases of a
continuous charge distribution
3.6 Relate electric field lines to magnitude and direction of electric field
3.7 Define an electric dipole
3.8 Interpret electric field diagrams, such as Figure 21-34
3.9 Recognize the electric field inside a conductor is zero in a static situation
3.10 Recognize the electric field is always perpendicular to the surface outside a conductor
Practical Applications (time permitting)
4.1 Given sufficient information determine the torque on an electric dipole
4.2 Determine the electric field produced by a dipole
4.3 Describe the influence of electrical charges in DNA replication (16-11)
4.4 Describe the role of electrostatics in photocopy machines (16-12)
21-1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its
Conservation
21-2 Electric Charge in the Atom
21-3 Insulators and Conductors
21-4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope
21-5 Coulomb’s Law
21-6 The Electric Field
21-7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous
Charge Distributions
21-8 Field Lines
21-9 Electric Fields and Conductors
21-11 Electric Dipoles
21-12 Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA
Structures and Replication
21-13 Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers
Use Electrostatics
Chapter 22 – Gauss’s Law
5.1 Given sufficient information determine the electric flux through an area
Gauss’s Law
6.1 State Gauss’s Law
6.2 Apply Gauss’s Law to determine the electric field inside a sphere
22-1 Electric Flux
22-2 Gauss’s Law
22-3 Applications of Gauss’s Law
Self-evaluation
Needs
Got It
Work?
Learning Objectives
PHYS 2025 (Fall 2009, Buckley)
Text References to Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Giancoli, 4th Edition
(Chapter exercises are segregated into the different chapter sections – practice them)
Learning Objectives
Textbook Section(s)
Chapter 23 – Electric Potential
Electric Potential
6.1 Identify change in electric potential as work done in moving a charge
6.2 Define electric potential as the difference in potential between two points
6.3 Recognize the unit of volt (V) as 1 J/C
6.4 Relate the electric field and electric potential
7.1 Determine the electric potential due to point charges and systems of point charges
7.2 Determine the electric potential due to continuous distributions of charges
8.1 Relate equipotential lines/equipotential surfaces to electric potential
8.2 Recognize that equipotential surfaces must be perpendicular to the electric field at any
point
9.3 Work with units of electron-volts
23-1 Electric Potential Energy and Potential
Difference
23-2 Relation between Electric Potential and
Electric Field
23-3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
23-4 Potential Energy due to Any Charge
Distribution
23-5 Equipotential Surfaces
23-8 Electrostatic Potential Energy: the Electron
Volt
Chapter 24 – Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage
Electric Devices
10.1 Describe the function of a capacitor
10.2 Define the term capacitance
10.3 Recognize the unit of farad (F) as 1 C/V
10.4 Use the mathematical relationship for a parallel plate capacitor to find missing info
10.5 Determine analytically the capacitance of simple geometric capacitors
11.1 Define dielectric constant and dielectric strength
11.2 Qualitatively describe the effects of inserting various dielectrics into a capacitor
11.3 Describe molecularly the operation of a dielectric
12.1 Determine the energy stored in a capacitor
24-1 Capacitors
24-2 Determination of Capacitance
24-5 Dielectrics
24-6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics
24-4 Electric Energy Storage
Self-evaluation
Needs
Got It
Work?
Chapter 25 – Electric Currents
Electric Current
13.1 Describe the makeup of a simple electric cell
14.1 Describe mathematically the definition of current
14.2 Recognize the unit of ampere (A) as 1 C/s
14.3 Determine missing quantities from problems involving current, charge, and time
14.4 Distinguish conventional current from electron flow
Resistance to Current Flow
15.1 Identify the source(s) of resistance in a material
15.2 Manipulate Ohm’s Law to find missing information
15.3 Draw the symbol for a resistor
15.4 Given the resistor color code and a resistor, state its resistance
15.5 Work with resistivity relationship in general – effects of doubling, tripling, etc., lengths,
resistivity, and cross-sectional areas
15.6 Correct for the temperature dependence of resistivity
Electric Power – energy delivered per time
16.1 Recognize the power delivered as the product of current and voltage
16.2 Recognize the unit of power, the watt (W), as 1 J/s
16.3 For a resistor, manipulate the relationships P = I2R and P = V2/R
16.4 Recognize the kilowatt-hour as a unit of energy
16.5 Determine power demands in household-type circuits
Alternating Current
17.1 Distinguish between alternating and direct current
17.2 Define the terms peak voltage, peak current, rms voltage, and rms current
17.3 Manipulate the expressions relating the terms defined in 10.2
25-1 The Electric Battery
25-2 Electric Current
25-3 Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Resistors
25-4 Resistivity
25-5 Electric Power
25-6 Power in Household Circuits
25-7 Alternating Current
Chapter 26 – DC Circuits
Battery Terminology
18.1 Distinguish between emf and terminal voltage of a battery
18.2 Manipulate the expression relating emf, terminal voltage, and internal resistance of a
battery to find missing information
Resistors in Combination
19.1 Given a circuit, determine whether the resistors are in series or parallel
19.2 Determine the equivalent resistance of resistors in series
19.3 Determine the equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel
19.4 Determine the equivalent resistance of combinations of resistors in series and in parallel
Apply Kirchoff’s Rules to Electric Circuits Containing Combinations of Resistors
20.1 State Kirchoff’s junction rule and loop rule
20.2 Solve for missing information in complex circuits containing multiple resistors
Capacitors in Combination
21.1 Given a circuit, determine whether the resistors are in series or parallel
21.2 Determine the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in parallel
21.3 Determine the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series
21.4 Determine the equivalent capacitance of combinations of capacitors in parallel and in
series
RC Circuits
26-1 EMF and Terminal Voltage
26-2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel
26-3 Kirchoff’s Rules
24-3 Circuits Containing Capacitors in Series and in
Parallel
22.1 Qualitatively describe the voltage-time behavior of an RC circuit
22.2 Define the time constant of an RC circuit
22.3 Manipulate the voltage, time, R, and C relationship to find missing information
Electric Hazards
23.1 Identify electric hazards, particularly around the household
Practical Applications
26-5 Circuits Containing Resistor and Capacitor
(RC Circuits)
26-6 Electric Hazards
Chapter 27 – Magnetism
Magnets and Magnetic Fields
27-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
24.1 Define the north and south poles of a magnet
24.2 Identify the direction of a magnetic field as the direction a north pole of a compass
needle would point
24.3 Identify the density of magnetic field lines as an indication of the magnitude at a point
24.4 Sketch magnetic field lines about a bar magnet
24.5 Recognize that electric field lines start on positive charges and end on negative charges,
in contrast to magnetic field lines that always form closed loops
Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Magnetic Field Due to Current in a Wire
25.1 Use right-hand rule #1 (see Table 20-1) to identify the direction of the magnetic field
27-2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields
generated by a current in various configurations of wire
Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field
27-3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic
26.1 Define the term magnetic field
26.2 Recognize the tesla (T) and gauss (G) as units for magnetic field
Field; Definition of B
26.3 Determine the magnitude of force applied to a current-carrying wire by a magnet
26.4 Apply right-hand rule #2 (see Table 20-1) to determine the direction of the force applied
to a current-carrying wire by a magnet
26.5 Manipulate the relationship between force, magnetic field, current, length, and angle to
find missing information
26.6 Recognize the symbol θ to represent field lines going into the page and the symbol υ to
represent field lines coming out of the page
Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field
27-4 Force on Electric Charge Moving in a
27.1 Apply right-hand rule #3 (see Table 20-1) to determine the direction of deflection of a
Magnetic Field
charged particle moving in a magnetic field
27.2 Manipulate the relationship between force, charge, magnitude of velocity, magnetic field
strength, and angle to find missing information
Chapter 28 – Sources of Magnetic Field
Relationships Between Electricity and Magnetism: Magnetic Field and Force Due to Long Straight Wires
28-1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire
28.1 Manipulate the relationship between magnetic field, current, and distance from a long
current-carrying wire to find missing information
28.2 Determine the magnetic field between multiple long current-carrying wires
28.3 Determine the force between two long parallel current-carrying wires
28-2 Force between Two Parallel Wires
Statement and Application of Ampere’s Law
29.1 State and explain Ampere’s Law
28-4 Ampere’s Law
29.2 Apply Ampere’s Law to suitably symmetric physical situations
Applications of Magnetic Field/Electric Current Relationships
30.1 Manipulate the relationship between magnetic field strength, current, length, and number 28-5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid
of turns in a solenoid to determine missing information
30.2 Describe the difference between a solenoid and an electromagnet
Practical Applications (time permitting)
31.1 Describe the operation of a galvanometer
31.2 Manipulate the relationship between the deflection of a galvanometer needle, current,
coil area, number of turns, magnetic field, and angle of deflection to find missing information
31.3 Define the basic components of an electric motor – rotor (armature), commutators,
brushes
31.4 Describe the basic operation of a mass spectrometer
Microsopic Origins of Magnetic Domains
32.1 Describe the origin of ferromagnetism in terms of domains
32.2 Define the Curie temperature for a magnet
32.3 Distinguish between ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism
32.4 Define the term hysteresis for a magnet
27-6 Motors, Loudspeakers, Galvanometers
28-7 Magnetic Materials - Ferromagnetism
Chapter 29 – Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday’s Law
Electromagnetic Induction
33.1 Recognize that a changing magnetic field induces an emf
33.2 Determine the magnetic flux for various physical arrangements
33.3 Apply Faraday’s law of induction
33.4 State and apply Lenz’s Law to predict the direction of current generated in various
physical arrangements
33.5 Determine the emf induced in a moving conductor
33.6 Manipulate the relationship between emf, magnetic field, length, and velocity to find
missing information
Applications
34.1 Describe the operation of electric generators
34.2 Apply the generator equation
34.3 Describe the operation of a transformer
34.4 Apply the transformer equation to find missing information
34.5 Describe the role of induction in various applications (time permitting)
29-1 Induced EMF
29-2 Faraday’s Law of Induction; Lenz’s Law
29-3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
29-4 Electric Generators
29-6 Transformers and Transmission of Power
29-8 Applications of Induction: Sound Systems,
Computer Memory, Seismograph, GFCI
Chapter 31 – Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
35.1 Describe the origin of electromagnetic waves in terms of Maxwell’s equations
35.2 State Maxwell’s Equations
35.3 Work with Mawell’s Equations in symmetric situations
35.4 Describe the production of electromagnetic waves by an accelerating electric charge
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
36.1 Properly arrange radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma
rays in order by wavelength and frequency
36.2 Interconvert frequency, wavelength, and wave speed
36.3 Describe approaches to the measurement of the speed of light
31-1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic
Fields; Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current
31-3 Mawell’s Equations
31-4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
31-6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the
Electromagnetic Spectrum
31-7 Measuring the Speed of Light
Chapter 32 – Light: Reflection and Refraction
37.1 Describe the ray model of light
Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations: A Plane Mirror
32-1 The Ray Model of Light
38.1 State the Law of Reflection
38.2 Distinguish between specular and diffuse reflectance
38.3 Identify the image formed by a plane mirror as a virtual image
38.4 Locate the image formed by a plane mirror
Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations: Spherical Mirrors
39.1 Describe convex and concave mirrors
39.2 Define the terms focal point, focal length, principal axis, paraxial rays, and spherical
aberration
39.3 Draw ray diagrams to analyze optical situations involving spherical mirrors
39.4 Apply the mirror equation to determine image location, magnification, orientation, and
type for situations involving spherical mirrors
Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations
40.1 Define the index of refraction as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed
of light in the material of interest
40.2 Apply Snell’s Law indices of refraction, angle of incidence, and angle of refraction to
find missing information
40.3 State the order of colors in the visible spectrum in order of frequency and/or wavelength
40.4 Describe the origin of dispersion
40.5 Determine the critical angle for internal reflection
32-2 Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror
32-3 Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
32-4 Index of Refraction
32-5 Refraction: Snell’s Law
32-6 Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
32-7 Total Internal Reflection: Fiber Optics
Chapter 33 – Lenses and Optical Instruments
Applications of the Ray Model to Lenses
33-1 Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing
41.1 Define a thin lens
41.2 Define converging lens; diverging lens; diopter; power
41.3 Draw ray diagrams for converging and diverging thin lenses
41.4 Identify from a ray diagram the image location, magnification, orientation, and type for
situations involving converging and diverging lenses.
42.1 Apply the Thin Lens Equation to find the image location, magnification, orientation, and 33-2 The Thin Lens Equation; Magnification
type for situations involving converging and diverging lenses
Applications of the Ray Model to Various Physical Situations: Combinations of Lenses and the Lensmaker’s Equation
33-3 Combinations of Lenses
43.1 Draw ray diagrams for combinations of thin lenses to determine image location,
magnification, orientation, and type
43.2 Apply thin lens equations to combinations of lenses to determine image location,
magnification, orientation, and type
43.3 Apply the Lensmaker’s equation to a lens with multiple faces
33-4 Lensmaker’s Equation
Chapter 34 – The Wave Nature of Light; Interference
Huygen’s Principle
44.1 State Huygen’s Principle
44.2 Illustrate Huygen’s Principle using diagrams
Interference, Dispersion, and Diffraction
45.1 Define constructive and destructive interference
45.2 Determine the location of bright fringes and dark lines in a double-slit experiment
45.3 Identify the origin of the intensity patterns in a double-slit experiment
34-1 Waves Versus Particles; Huygen’s Principle
and Diffraction
34-3 Interference – Young’s Double-Slit
Experiment
34-4 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern
Chapter 35 – Diffraction and Polarization
Diffraction in Single-Slit and Double-Slit Experiments
46.1 Describe the origin of diffraction
46.2 Locate the minima in a diffraction pattern generated by a single slit
35-1 Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk
46.3 Locate the maxima after light passes through a diffraction grating
47.1 Describe plane polarized light
47.2 Determine the intensity of light passing through crossed polarizers
35-7 Diffraction Grating
35-11 Polarization
Chapter 17 – Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law
Atomic Theory Implications for Phases
48.1 Identify the forces causing the condensation of matter
Temperature and its Origins
48.1 Interconvert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales
Thermal Expansion
49.1 Apply the linear thermal expansion equation to physical situations with small
temperature changes and expansions
49.2 Apply the volume thermal expansion equation to physical situations with small
temperature changes and expansions
The Ideal Gas Law and its Applications
50.1 State Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, and Gay-Lussac’s Law
50.2 Given sufficient information, solve the above gas laws for missing information
50.3 State the ideal gas law
50.4 Manipulate the ideal gas law to find missing information
Relationship Between Gas Laws and Molecules
50.5 Use the relationship between moles and number of particles in the ideal gas law
17-1 Atomic Theory of Matter
17-2 Temperature and Thermometers
17-4 Thermal Expansion
17-6 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
17-7 The Ideal Gas Law
17-8 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
17-9 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules:
Avogadro’s Number
Chapter 18 – Kinetic Theory of Gases
Relationship Between Temperature and Average Molecular Speed
51.1 State the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory
51.2 Recognize the relationship between average translational kinetic energy and absolute
temperature
Maxwell Distribution
52.1 Given sufficient information, apply the Maxwell model to predict information regarding
the distribution of speeds in a gas sample
18-1 Kinetic Theory and the Molecular
Interpretation of Temperature
18-2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
Chapter 19 – Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics
The Nature of Heat and Internal Energy
53.1 Work with the units of heat – cal and J
53.2 Recognize that heat is transferred as the result of temperature difference
53.3 List components that contribute to the internal energy of a system
Heat and its Relationship to Temperature Change and Phase Changes
54.1 Define specific heat
54.2 Manipulate the expression for specific heat to find missing information
54.3 Apply specific heat concepts to solve calorimetry problems
54.4 Apply specific heat and latent heat concepts to determine missing information as
materials change temperature and/or phase
Methods of Heat Transfer
55.1 Define heat transfer by conduction
55.2 Manipulate equation for heat conduction to find missing information
55.3 Define heat transfer by convection
55.4 Define heat transfer by radiation
55.5 Manipulate the Stefan-Boltzmann equation to find missing information
19-1 Heat as Energy Transfer
19-2 Internal Energy
19-3 Specific Heat
19-4 Calorimetry – Solving Problems
19-5 Latent Heat
19-10 Heat Transfer: Conduction
The First Law of Thermodynamics
56.1 State the First Law of Thermodynamics
56.2 Apply the First Law of Thermodynamics to calculate work done in various situations
19-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
19-7 The First Law of Thermodynamics;
Calculating the Work
Chapter 20 – Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
57.1 State the Second Law of Thermodynamics
57.2 Determine the efficiency of a heat engine
57.3 Determine the efficiency of a Carnot engine
57.4 Distinguish between reversible and irreversible processes
57.5 Determine the coefficient of performance of heat engines, air conditioners, and
refrigerators
57.6 Relate entropy to the Second Law of Thermodynamics
57.7 Relate entropy to the spontaneity of natural processes
20-1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics –
Introduction
20-2 Heat Engines
20-4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat
Pumps
20-6 Entropy and the Second Law of
Thermodynamics